Languages of Pakistan

Languages of Pakistan

1. Good Morning & Asslam-o-Allikum 22/01/2018 Languages of Pakistan 1

2. Name:- Haris Asghar Class:- Senior -1 Subject:- Pak Studies(History) Teacher Name:- Sir Asif Nazir 22/01/2018 Languages of Pakistan 2 The Lahore Lyceum(Shalimar Campus)

3. Languages of Pakistan 22/01/2018 Languages of Pakistan 3

4. Contents Introduction Types of Languages Balochi Sindhi Punjabi Pashto National Language Conclusion 22/01/2018 Languages of Pakistan 4

5. Introduction Language is extremely important in the development of any state or national culture. The acceptance of one single language as the ` national language` helps bring about uniformity and a culture identity by binding a `people` together. A common language increase understanding and helps build a shared understanding of what a nation believers in. 22/01/2018 Languages of Pakistan 5

6. Types of Languages of Pakistan In Pakistan many languages are spoken, but the national language is Urdu. It is a relatively new language and over time Muslims In the subcontinent have spoken a wide variety of languages. The languages are Balochi Sindhi Punjabi Pashto 22/01/2018 Languages of Pakistan 6

7. The National Language Pakistan When the sate of Pakistan was set up, its constitution stated that Urdu was the national language. It was to symbol of unity between the different regions of the new country. Urdu language developed a rich literary background which helped to promote its use. Poetry has been significantly prevalent in Urdu for centuries. Amir Khusrau(1253-1325) occupies a prominent position in its early development The language received a boost when Emperor Muhammad Shah and Bahdur Shah Zafar took and interest in promoting it, the letter being a great poet himself Famous poets of this period are Mir, Sauda, Dard and Ghalib. Aligarh Muslim University became a center for the study of Urdu and produced talented writers like Hasrat Mohani, Majaz and Jazbi. In the early twentieth centaury Dr. Allama Iqbal and Allama Shibli greatly enriched Urdu Prose and poetry, producing numerous literary masterpieces. 22/01/2018 Languages of Pakistan 7

8. Balochi Language Balochi is the language spoken in Baluchistan, the largest of Pakistan`s provinces, though other languages, such as Persian and brohi are also spoken in the province. There are two main kinds of Balochi, `Sulemanki` and `Mekrani` The Balochi language was brought into Baluchistan by tribes which migrated from North-West Iran. They were nomadic people who rarely settled in any other place for long period of time. The first time Balochi language became known outside the region was in 1830 when the British traveler, W. Leech, reported in the Journal of Asiatic Society about the existence of Balochi language and literature. Before Partition Balochi literature was beginning to decline. There were few books or magazines published in Balochi and even the Baluchistan Gazetteer was published in English. 22/01/2018 Languages of Pakistan 8

9. Sindhi Language Before the arrival of the Muslims, Sindhi was written in the `Marwari` and `Arz Nagari` ways of writing. When the Arabs settled in Sindh their culture and literature had a major impact on Sindhi. Many Arabs words were absorbed into the language and the language was written in the Arabic script. When the Muslims first settled in The Sindhi in the eight centaury, they found that two languages were being spoken. Arabic was the language of the administration, but Sindhi was the language was the language spoken by the most of the people. This remained the case until subcontinent fell under the influence on the Turkish tribes of central Asia, who bought their Persian language with them. Consequently Sindhi has been greatly influenced by both the Arabic and Persian language. 22/01/2018 Languages of Pakistan 9

10. Punjabi Language Punjabi is the language spoken in the most populous of Pakistan`s provinces the Punjabi, though it is also spoken in other areas, such as Azad Kashmir and Khyber Pakhtunkhwa. It is an e asily understood language which has been given various different name throughout history. For example it has been referred to as `Masoodi`, `Al- Hindi` and `Hindko`. It is thought that in 1080, Hafiz Barkhurdar was the first to have used the term `Punjabi` to describe the language. Punjabi has a long history. Originally it was written in Gurmukhi script, but during the latter years of the Mughals, Arabic script was used. The Punjabi language has been influenced by many other languages, such as Persian, Arabic, Hindi, Turkish and English. Several different Punjabi dialects exist and in the Western Punjabi the language has also been influenced by Sindhi and Pashto. 22/01/2018 Languages of Pakistan 10

11. Pashto Language Pashto is the language spoken by the people of the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa and in the northern areas of Balochistan. Like most languages it has been heavily influenced by other languages, such as Arabic, Persian and Greek. According to 19th-century linguist  James Darmesteter  and modern linguist Michael M. T. Henderson, Pashto is “descended from  Avesten.  The  Rabatak inscription  of Emperor  Kanishka  written in  Bactrain and   Greek  contains words are borrowed from Pashto language due to their proximity to the modern Pashto language. Strabo, who lived between 64 BC and 24 CE, explains that the tribes inhabiting the lands west of the  Indus River  were part of  Ariana  and to their east was  India. Since the 3rd century CE and onward, they are mostly referred to by the name  Afghan  ( Abgan )  and their language as  "Afghani" 22/01/2018 Languages of Pakistan 11

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