Laterate soil... first year deploma

In India, laterite soil is widespread, covering over 10% of the total geographical area, namely on the summits of the Western Ghats, Eastern Ghats (Rajamahal Hills, Vindhyas, Satpuras, and Malwa Plateau), southern parts of Maharashtra, parts of Karnataka, Andhra Pradesh, West Bengal Orissa, Jharkhand, Kerala, Assam

1. LATERITE SOILS IN INDIA COURSE: Fundamentals of soil science DAgri.05 (1+1)

2. Soil Laterite soil Formation of laterite soil Characteristic of laterate soils Types of laterite soil Distribution of laterate soil in india Distribution of laterate soil in kerala Crops suited lateritic soils Chemical composition of laterite soils  Advantages Disadvantages PRESENTED BY :  Sheetal P Chandran  Aliya Ali Bijil  S Nithin JS IAT PATTAMBI CONTENTS

3. SOIL Buckman and Brady (1969): Soil is a dynamic natural body on the surface of the earth. in which plants grow, composed of mineral and organic materials and living forms MAJOR SOIL GROUPS ARE: Alluvial Soil  Black Cotton Soil  Red Soil Laterite Soil Mountainous or Forest Soils Arid or Desert Soil, 

4. LATERITE SOIL Laterite is both a soil and a rock type rich in iron and aluminum and is commonly considered to have formed in hot and wet tropical area The term laterite is coined by Francis Buchanan-Hamilton in 1807 Laterite has been derived from the Latin word 'later' which means brick/brick stone Laterite is the most common soil of monsoon climatic region or clearly it is the soil of the region having alternate wet and dry season 

5. FORMATION OF LATERITE SOIL The laterite soil is formed under conditions of high temperature and heavy rainfall which leads to leaching of soil, leaving only oxides of iron and aluminum.so it lack fertility weathering of laterite Rock leads to laterite soil They develop by intensive and prolonged weathering of the underlying parent rock. 

6. CHARACTERISTIC OF LATERATE SOILS These are shallow, acidic and less fertile soils. These soils are poor in lime but rich in iron. So these are suitable for plantation of crops like tea, rubber, coffee etc. Since low fertility because of high acidity and low moisture retention, manuring and other activities are required to make them suitable  forgrowing  crops such as rice and sugarcane.  It is also suitable for building purpose. red due to the presence of iron oxide which is formed by leaching. The soluble plant foods like potash are removed from the top soil leaving alumina and iron oxide. a porous soil, silica is removed from it by chemical action. Is poor in lime and magnesium, and deficient in nitrogen. 

7. CHARACTERISTIC OF LATERATE SOILS Laterite soil is formed by weathering of lateritic rocks,  lowtemperature  and heavy rainfall with alternating dry and wet periods. The soils are acidic in nature, coarser and crumbly in texture. Humus content of the soil is low because most of the  micro organisms , particularly the decomposer like bacteria, get destroyed due to high temperature The subsoil layers of the laterite soil are often very strongly acid (pH 4.5 and less) resulting in  solubilisation  of exchangeable Al and deficiency of Ca and Mg

8. TYPES OF LATERITE SOIL

9. DISTRIBUTION OF LATERATE SOIL IN INDIA In India, laterite soil is widespread, covering over 10% of the total geographical area, namely on the summits of the Western Ghats, Eastern Ghats ( Rajamahal Hills, Vindhyas, Satpuras , and Malwa Plateau), southern parts of Maharashtra, parts of Karnataka, Andhra Pradesh, West Bengal Orissa, Jharkhand, Kerala, Assam, and Meghalaya These soils have mainly developed in the higher areas of the Peninsular plateau

10. DISTRIBUTION OF LATERATE SOIL IN KERALA laterite soil is one of the most common soil in Kerala It is mainly found in the midland regions and highlands of Kerala. Its occurrence extends to Alappuzha,  kollam , Thiruvananthapuram, Kottayam,  Thissur ,   kannur  

11. CROPS SUITED LATERITIC SOILS Laterite soils lack fertility due to intensive leaching.  When manured and irrigated, some laterites are suitable for growing plantation crops like tea, coffee, rubber, cinchona, coconut, arecanut , etc. In some areas, these soils supportgrazing grounds scrub forests. Red laterite soils in Tamil Nadu, Andhra Pradesh and Kerala are more suitable for tree crops like cashewnut . These soils are also suitable for tea plantations 

12. CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF LATERITE SOILS    Laterite soils are rich in bauxite or ferric oxides. They are very poor in lime, magnesia, potash and nitrogen.  Sometimes, the phosphate content may be high in the form of iron phosphate In wetter places, there may be higher  content of humus.

13. ADVANTAGES

14. DISADVANTAGES