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2. Rise and Development of Awami League Presented by Group 6: Syed Anagh Tanvir Hasan Tareq Mahmood Khandaker 2

3. Rise and Development of Awami League Introduction: History took a decisive new turn for the Bengali nation on 23 June 1949.There were some courageous men - Moulana Abdul Hamid Khan Bhashani , Yar Mohammad, Shamsul Haque , Sheikh Mujibur Rahman and Huseyn Shaheed Suhrawardy - whose names are today engraved in the Bengali consciousness. These men, grown acutely aware of the growing authoritarianism of the ruling Muslim League in the newly constituted state of Pakistan, thought it was necessary to break loose of the organization which had spearheaded the struggle for Pakistan and come forth with the Awami Muslim League. The goal was democracy. The objective was to reassure the people of Pakistan, in both wings of the country, that they had a political alternative to fall back on in their desire for pluralistic politics. 3

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5. Rise and Development of Awami League Sequence of Presentation: Formation of Bangladesh Awami League Rise of Political Identity Forming as Bengali Figure Political Objectives Leading Roles in Language Movement General Elections of 1954 in East Bengal Kagmari Conference Organizational Crisis Six Point Programme Conclusion 5

6. Rise and Development of Awami League Formation of Bangladesh Awami League Bangladesh Awami League is one of the oldest and major political parties in Bangladesh that plays vital role in achieving the independence of Bangladesh in the year 1971. 6

7. Rise and Development of Awami League Rise of Political Identity The Awami League was founded in Rose Garden of KM Das Lane, Dhaka on 23rd June, 1949 at a convention of the leaders and workers known to be a faction of the Bengal Provincial Muslim League headed by Huseyn Shaheed Suhrawardy and A bul H ashim . The new party was named Awami Muslim League. It was established with Moulana Abdul Hamid Khan Bhasani as president, Ataur Rahman Khan, Shakhawat Hossain and Ali Ahmed Khan as Vice president, Shamsul Haque as General Secretary, Sheikh Mujibur Rahman (then interned in jail), Khondokar Mostaq Ahmed and A. K. Rafiqul Hossain as joint secretary and Yar Mohammad Khan as treasurer. 7

8. Rise and Development of Awami League Rose Garden Palaces , birthplace of the Awami League in 1949 8

9. Rise and Development of Awami League Forming as Bengali Figure From the very inception, the Awami League has been a secular and non communal party. As a mark of its secular posture, the term ‘Muslim’ was deleted from the name of the party at its third council meeting held on 21 to 23 October in 1955. The party believes in welfare economy. Furthermore, it has front organizations among the students, laborers, peasants, youth as well as women. 9

10. Rise and Development of Awami League Political Objectives The Awami League was the first opposition party in Pakistan. As its birth, the party adopted a 42-point programme with a special emphasis on the demand for provisional autonomy that includes the following issues. Recognition of Bangladesh as one of the state languages of Pakistan. One man, one vote. Democracy Framing of a Constitution. Parliamentary form of Government. Regional autonomy as well as removal disparity between the two wings had been the major demands of Awami League during the initial stage of Pakistan rule. 10

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12. Rise and Development of Awami League Leading Roles in Language Movement In the 1948-52 language movement , the Awami League and its student front , Chhatra League(est. 1948), played a significant role. The Awami League a leading role in the formation of the “ Kendrio Rashtrabhasha Kormoporishod ” in 1952 preceding killing. Awami League’s co-chairman Ataur Rahman Khan became the chairman of the “ Kendrio Rashtrabhasha Kormoporishod ” to help the movement 12

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14. Rise and Development of Awami League General Elections of 1954 in East Bengal In the elections held on 8-12 march, 1954, the United Front scored a comprehensive victory. Out of the 237 Muslims seats the Muslim League was able to secure only 9 seats as against 223 seats. Awami League alone secured 143 bagged by the Front. All the remaining 72 general seats were captured by the allies of the United Front. During the 24 years of Pakistan , Awami League was in power in the province for only about two years (1956-1958). 14

15. Rise and Development of Awami League Sheikh Mujibur R ahman taking oath after united front election in 1954 15

16. 16 Rise and Development of Awami League Kagmari Conference Kagmari Conference was a historic council meeting of Awami League that called for autonomy for East Pakistan that created the path for the Independence of Bangaldesh . The Awami League held a cultural conference from 6 to 10 th February in 1957 in Kagmari . The rightist group of the party including Sheikh Mujibor Rahman extended support to the leadership and policy of Suhrawardy while the leftist members supported the Maulana Bhasani . Subsequently, after the conference, the leadership was switched.

17. Rise and Development of Awami League Organizational Crisis In 1957, the Awami League faced serious organizational crisis resulting in a split in the party regarding the issue of foreign policy Suhrawardy and Maulana Bhasani differed fundamentally on the issue of foreign policy. While Suhrawdy favoured strong links with the West particularly with America, on the other hand Moulana Bhasani was in favour of the non aligned country. The division came to surface at the kagmari conference ( Tangail ) of the party (7-8 February 1957 ). On March 18, Maulana Bhasani resigned from the Awami League and its presidentship . 17

18. Rise and Development of Awami League Sheikh Mujibur Rahman attending the Afro-Asian Cultural Conference in Kagmari, Tangail with Maulana Bhashani , Huseyn Shaheed Suhrawardy and Tofazzal Hossain Manik Miah (February 1957). 18

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20. Rise and Development of Awami League Six Point Programme In 1966, Mujib proclaimed a 6-point plan titled  Our Charter of Survival  at a national conference of opposition political parties at Lahore, in which he demanded self-government and considerable political, economic and defense autonomy for East Pakistan : 1. The constitution should provide for a Federation of Pakistan in its true sense on the Lahore Resolution and the parliamentary form of government with supremacy of a legislature directly elected on the basis of the universal adult franchise. 2. The federal government should deal with only two subjects: defense and foreign affairs, and all other residuary subjects shall be vested in the federating states. 20

21. Rise and Development of Awami League Six Point Programme 3. Two separate, but freely convertible currencies for two wings should be introduced; or if this is not feasible, there should be one currency for the whole country, but effective constitutional provisions should be introduced to stop the flight of capital from East to West Pakistan. Furthermore, a separate banking reserve should be established and separate fiscal and monetary policy be adopted for East Pakistan. 4. The power of taxation and revenue collection shall be vested in the federating units and the federal center will have no such power. The Federation will be entitled to a share in the state taxes to meet its expenditures. 5. There should be two separate accounts for the foreign exchange earnings of the two wings; the foreign exchange requirements of the federal government should be met by the two wings equally or in a ratio to be fixed; indigenous products should move free of duty between the two wings, and the constitution should empower the units to establish trade links with foreign countries. 6. East Pakistan should have a separate militia or paramilitary forces. 21

22. Rise and Development of Awami League Six Point Programme Mujib's points catalysed public support across East Pakistan, launching what some historians have termed the  6-point movement  – recognized as the definitive gambit for autonomy and rights of Bengalis in Pakistan. Mujib obtained the broad support of Bengalis, including the Hindu and other religious communities in East Pakistan. However , his demands were considered radical in West Pakistan and interpreted as thinly veiled separatism. The proposals alienated West Pakistani people and politicians, as well as non-Bengalis and Muslim fundamentalists in East Pakistan 22

23. Rise and Development of Awami League Six Point Movement Picture 23

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25. Rise and Development of Awami League Conclusion Bangladesh Awami League is an inseparable part of the country’s historical events, both victorious & tragic. However, with its deep roots in history & tradition, it has always proved to be the most forward looking political party as well. Awami League tries to encourage people to be optimistic of a better future for themselves & the country. 25

26. Rise and Development of Awami League Thanks for your patience hearing 26

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