Laurie_Baker architectural presentation on his works

Laurie baker's architectural works

1. LAURIE BAKER

2. C ontent I ntroduction L ife of L aurie B aker S ketches by L aurie B aker P rinciples and S tyle of B aker T echniques of L aurie B aker

3. 1. I ntroduction Name: Laurie Baker Born: March 2, 1917, Birmingham, United Kingdom Died: April 1, 2007, Thiruvananthapuram Education: Birmingham Institute of Art and Design Awards: Padma Shri, Order of the British Empire “I don't think I've ever been inspired by what other architects have done but more by what ordinary craftsmen have created. “ - Laurie Baker

4. 2. L ife of L aurie B aker Baker studied architecture in Birmingham and graduated in 1937, aged 20, in a period of political unrest for Europe . During the Second World War, he served in the Friends Ambulance Unit in China and Burma. He worked for an international and interdenominational Mission dedicated to the care of those suffering from leprosy . He became deeply involved with the work, but the hardship he had endure took their tool on his health and he was sent back to England to recuperate(to recover from illness)

5. 2.1 S ketches by L aurie B aker Baker always carried his home-made diary fashioned out of old pieces of paper from envelopes and other waste plain paper wherever he went. Bakers ability to sketch was one of the main reason he never learnt Indian languages since whenever people didn’t understand English he would whip out his diary and scribble a quick sketch to explain what he meant. Alleppey, Kerala Venice, Kerala

6. Respect for nature. Consideration of Local Climate, Prevailing wind direction, Topography while designing. 3 . P rinciples of B aker Placement of water body to cool down the breezes Use of Brick Jali for the air movement which comforts the inner environment. Made use of contour during planning rather than cutting HAMLET Water body Brick Jali Use of Counter

7. 3 . P rinciples of B aker Window of Hamlet Reduce the use of fabrication work Reduction of unwanted structural elements Utilization of Used materials Cost-effectiveness. Use of locally available materials. E.g. Brick, wood, Scrap Made maximum utilization of Used materials. Reduction of unwanted structural elements. Use of Arches Window grill made of Scrap Use of brick for railing

8. 3 . P rinciples of B aker Minimum use of energy-intensive materials. Energy intensive material like Steel, Glass, Cement which require more energy for manufacturing as well as transportation. Use of locally manufactured and available material like red bricks, wood are example of economy because their in no transport cost . Wastage minimization, using local techniques and materials Create Cost effective and beautiful buildings. Use of locally manufactured material like red brick, Mangalore tile. Minimum use of glass wherever necessary.

9. 3. S tyle of B aker Brick Jali walls P erforated brick screen utilizes natural air movement to cool the homes interior. (Passive cooling Technique) It create intricate patterns of light and shadow. T raditional Indian sloping roofs with gables and vents It allowing rising hot air to escape from vents. Reuse of materials Baker was often seen rummaging through salvage heaps looking for suitable building materials , door and window frames. Bakers architectural method is of Improvisation. Rummaging : to find. Salvage : Recover/ Rescue. Heaps : Large amount placed in stack. Improvisation : Made use of whatever is available in surrounding Invariably : Always Gable : triangular portion of a wall between the edges of intersecting roof pitches Gable TO REDUCE COST ULTIMATELY USE OF AVAILABLE MATERIALS RESULTS IN SUSTAINABLE DESIGN Use of brick J ali in Indian Coffee House Nirmiti Kendra, Trivandrum

10. 4. T echniques of L aurie B aker Filler Slab Use of Rat Trap Bond Corbelling Arches Brick Jali Frameless Door and Window Terracotta Roofing

11. Rat trap Bond This double-wall technique uses bricks on edge with a cross brick between each and produces a 9-inch thick wall with an insulating air cavity in between. ELEVATIONAL WALL OF RAT TRAP BOND PROCEDURE OF RAT TRAP BOND 1 2 3 4 4

12. Rat trap Bond 9" walls are usually capable of being load bearing up to three story height. English bond (9’’thk wall) 350 bricks are required per cu. m whereas in Rat-trap bond only 280 bricks are required and also the reduced number of joints reduces the mortar consumption . 25% of bricks, mortar, cost etc. can be saved by using the rat trap bond.

13. Filler Sl ab T echnique Filler slab is based on the principle of Simply supported slab (Slab that are supported only at end) Upper part subjected to Compressive force and lower part subjected to tensile force. Thus the lower tensile region of the slab does not need any concrete except for holding the steel reinforcements together. By using low-cost and light weight filler materials, it will reduce the dead weight as well as the cost of the slab to 25% (as 40% less steel is used and 30% less concrete ). The Mechanism Tension in a slab is on the bottom fiber and compression on the top fiber. If we want to optimize the structure we can remove concrete from the tension zone where it is not much needed. That’s the key behind filler slab construction. SHOWING UNWANTED TENSION CONCRETE Laurie Baker Center for Habitat Studies

14. The Mechanism The filler slab is a mechanism to replace the concrete in the tension zone and use of filler material. By reducing the quantity and weight of material, the roof become less expensive, yet retains the strength of the conventional slab. The most popular filler material is the roofing tile. Mangalore tiles are placed between steel ribs and concrete is poured into the gap to make a filler slab. Materials for Filler Sl ab T echnique Light weight, inexpensive materials such as low grade Mangalore tiles, Burnt Clay Bricks, Hollow Concrete blocks, Stabilized Mud blocks/ Hollow Mud blocks, Clay pots, Coconut shells etc. can be used as filler materials. FILLER MATERIAL ARRANGEMENT

15. The following points to be kept in mind for filler material selection Filler material should be inert in nature. Filler materials water absorption should be checked. Filler material should be light in weight. Filler material should be low cost. Filler material should be of a size and cross-section. Moreover the Filler slab also provides insulation. Filler material texture should match with the desired ceiling finish requirements so as not to provide an ugly ceiling pattern.

16.  Installing Filler Material In The Slab The dimension of filler material will help decide the spacing of reinforcement and accordingly the depth of the slab and other structural details will be worked out . Filler material should be properly soaked in water so that it does not absorb any water from the concrete.  While installing the filler material, one will have to decide the concreting sequence of the slab i.e. from where the concrete will be started and how will it progress to cover the whole slab . Filler materials like Mangalore tiles/Clay tiles can be installed in two layers (2 nos. one over the other) entrapping an air cavity between the two tiles. FILLER SLAB SECTION - MANGALORE TILE FILLER MATERIAL.

17. Advantages of Filler Slab

18. Benefits Saving on cost: The savings on cost can be from 15 per cent to 25 per cent The filler slab is a mechanism to replace the concrete in the tension zone. The filler material, thus, is not a structural part of the slab By reducing the quantity and weight of material, the roof become less expensive, yet retains the strength of the conventional slab. The most popular filler material is the roofing tile. Mangalore tiles are placed between steel ribs and concrete is poured into the gap to make a filler slab. The structure requires less steel and cement and it is also a good heat insulator. Thermal insulation : An internal cavity can be provided between the filler material which adds an extra advantage; other than cost savings and energy savings; improved thermal comfort for the interiors.

19. Reference http://sepindia.org/ihd-sep/ceeef-technologies/filler-slab-technology / http://www.costford.com/Construction%20Technology.html