Lawn making

establishment and maintenance of lawn

1. LAWN MAKING SUBMITTED BY M. Anushiya devi ABM-11-003 LAWN MAKING

2. LAWN A lawn is an area where grass is grown as a green carpet for a landscape and is the basic feature of any garden. In general lawn should be wide open with access to direct sunshine, especially in front of a rockery and a water pool.

3. Difference between lawn and turf TURF Grass under high maintenance Ex: sports ground LAWN Grass under low maintanence Ex: Home

4. Classification of grasses Warm season grasses Cool season grasses

5. Warm season grasses Botanical name Common name Texture Situation Cynodon dactylon Hariyali (or) Arugu (or) Doob grass Medium fine Suitable for open sunny location; drought resistant Stenotaphrum secundatum St. Augustine grass or Buffalo grass Coarse texture Suitable for shady situation; requires frequent watering Paspalum vaginatum Paspalum grass Medium Suitable for open sunny situation

6. . Zoisia japonica Japan grass Coarse Suitable for poor sandy soil; open sunny situation, slow in growth Z. matrella Manila grass Medium Suitable for open sunny situation Z. tenuifolia Korean grass or velvet grass or carpet grass Fine Suitable for open sunny situation Cynodon sp. Bermuda grass (or) Hyderabad grass Fine Suitable for open sunny situation, needs mowing

7. Cool season grasses Botanical name Common name Texture situation Poa annua  Annual blue grass Medium fine Suitable for acid soils and suitable for higher elevations Poa pratensis Kentucky blue grass Agrostix polystris Creaping bent grass

8. Grass Identification Growth habits( Bunch, Rhizomatous, Soloniferoux) Leaf tip( Pointed , Round shape tip, Boat shape tip, Boat shape in two splits) Leaf texture ( fine, medium, coarse ) Color ( light to dark green )

9. Bunch type

10. Rhizomatous

11. Soloniferoux

12. Boat shape leaf tip

13. Boat shaped in two splits Meyer Zoysia

14. Methods to Start a Lawn The four methods to starting a lawn are…. Seeding Sodding Plugging Sprigging & Stolonizing

15. Planting methods Most common & least expensive way to start a lawn. Methods are…. Hand Seeding Hand Spreader Cultipacker Hydroseeder

16. Hand & Mechanical Seeding HAND SEEDING HAND SPREADER

17. Machinery Powered Seeding Methods Cultipacker

18. Hydroseeder Hydroseeder Applies seed, water, fertilizer & mulch at the same time.

19. Sodding Using established turf (grass & roots) that is cut in thin layers and removed from the growing area in strips.

20. Is taken to new lawn & rolled out and fitted together. More expensive than other methods, but…. Provides instant lawn. Works on slopes where seeds will wash away.

21. Plugging Using small plugs or blocks of sod to plant in holes about 1 foot apart. Very time consuming, but…. Is used for many warm season grasses that are poor seed producers.

22. Sprigging & Stolonizing Uses plant runners, cuttings, or stolons without soil attached to start new lawns. Sprigging is slow if done by hand.

23. Sprigging & Stolonizing Can be done by broadcasting plant parts and rolled or disked into the soil. Usually used on larger areas such as golf courses

24. Fertilizing the lawn thrice a year is adequate to maintain rich greenness.  Application of urea or ammonium sulphate at the rate of 1 kg / 50 sq. m during February - March,    June - July and October - November is quite beneficial.   At times well decomposed compost at 10 kg / 10 sq. m area will be sufficient as top dressing.

25. Weeds should be removed as soon as they appear, otherwise they spread, seed multiply and overpower the grass. Fill the gaps with grass roots and fine soil. In the absence of rain, watering is done regularly at weekly intervals.

26. Mowing should be done at brief intervals and never allow to produce seed stalks. Avoid cutting the grass too short as this can damage the grass, inhibit a deeper root system from setting up and give rise to weeds. The ideal height of most grasses is 3 to 4 inches. Removing more than one-third of the grass leaf in a single cutting is not recommended. Mow only on dry grass and not when the grass is wet.

27. Problems in a lawn Problem Symptoms Control Chlorosis Grass turns yellow with the deficiency of magnesium and iron Iron: Spray Ferrous sulphate 25 g dissolved in 10 litres of water per 100 sq. metre. Magnesium: Spray Magnesium sulphate 100 g in 10 litres of water per 100 sq. metre. Improper mowing Lawns cut too closely turn yellowish and often look diseased or dried Mow enough to remove not more than 1/3rd height of the grass at a time. Keep mower blades sharp. Improper watering Light sprinkling encourages shallow roots. Over watering causes diseases Water the lawn to wet the soil about10 to 15 cm depth.

28. Plant Protection Pest Symptoms Control White ants       Form small mounds around the entrance to their nests       Apply Lindane 1.3 % dust Cut worms      Eat away grass stems near the surface of the soil causing dead spots          Apply Lindane 1.3 % dust Grubs Eat away the roots of grasses creating brownish dead patches Apply Lindane 1.3 %  dust Leafhoppers Suck the juice from grass blades causing stripped white, then yellow and finally brown leaves. Spray Dimethoate 2 ml/l Nematodes Affect the roots, lawn takes a bleached out appearance     Apply Furadan 40 g /sq.m