Leadership- Introduction and Concepts.pptx

This is a short class-note on Leadership and Governance. It aims to teach the basics of leadership and mostly intended for graduate or post-graduate courses

1. Brig Gen Dr Zulfiquer Ahmed Amin MBBS (DMC), MPH (Hospital Management), M Phil (Healthcare & Hospital management), Fellow (AIIMS, Delhi), PGD (Health Economics)

2. Leadership is the ability to inspire and motivate others. Leadership is the act of guiding a team to achieve a certain goal through direction and motivation. A leader is someone who inspires passion and motivation in followers. A leader is someone with a vision and the path to realizing it.

3. Meaning of Leadership It is a process by which one person influences the thoughts, attitudes, and behaviors of others. Leaders set direction for the rest of us; they help us see what lies ahead ; they help us visualize what we might achieve; they encourage us and inspire us. Without leadership a group of people quickly degenerates into argument and conflict , because we see things in different ways and lean toward different solutions. Leadership helps to point us in the same direction and harness our efforts jointly .

4. Importance of Leadership Initiating Action :  Leadership starts from the very beginning, even before the work actually starts. A leader is a person who communicates the policies and plans to the subordinates to start the work . Providing Motivation :  A leader motivates the employees by giving them financial and non-financial incentives and gets the work done efficiently. Motivation is the driving force in an individual’s life. Providing guidance :  A leader not only supervises the employees but also guides them in their work. He instructs the subordinates on how to perform their work effectively so that their efforts don’t get wasted.

5. Creating confidence :  A leader acknowledges the efforts of the employees, explains to them their role clearly and guides them to achieve their goals. He also resolves the complaints and problems of the employees, thereby building confidence in them regarding the organization. Building work environment :  A good leader should maintain personal contacts with the employees and should hear their problems and solve them . He always listens to the point of view of the employees and in case of disagreement persuades them to agree with him by giving suitable clarifications. In case of conflicts , he handles them carefully and does not allow it to adversely affect the entity. A positive and efficient work environment helps in stable growth of the organization .

6. Co-ordination :  A leader reconciles the personal interests of the employees with the organizational goals and achieves co-ordination in the entity. Creating Successors :  A leader trains his subordinates in such a manner that they can succeed him in future easily in his absence. He creates more leaders . Induces change :  A leader persuades, clarifies and inspires employees to accept any change in the organization without much resistance and discontentment. He makes sure that employees don’t feel insecure about the changes .

7. First Factor - The Leader Himself -The first factor in leadership is the leader itself. The leader must have high levels of self-awareness ; build an honest understanding of who he is, what he knows, and what he can do . He should know his personal strengths and weaknesses, capabilities and limitations , and   be able to discipline himself in order to lead his team effectively. Second Factor - Existence of Followers Leadership always takes place in groups. The followers are defined by having three things in common: 1.    A common goal . 2.    Interdependence in achieving that goal; that is, they all need one another for success . 3.    Knowing and acting as if they have a common goal; that is, consciously responding to their interdependence .

8. The Third Factor - Two-way Communication Communication is the exchange of information and ideas from one person to another. Effective communication occurs when others understand exactly what we are trying to tell them. In two-way communication , a sender (usually a boss) transmits a message to the intended receiver (subordinates) and the receiver sends back his feedback (reply or reaction) to the original sender . Leaders demonstrating communication skills are both good speakers and listeners . What and how the leader communicates either positively or negatively, may build or harm the relationship between the leader and his employees. Good leaders communicate with all personnel with a sense of mutual understanding and mutual loyalty to generate enthusiasm and inspire working towards their completion.

9. The Forth Factor - The Situation To a large extent, the functions and activities of leaders are contingent upon the situation in which leaders work. All situations are different. Leadership actions that work in one situation may not necessarily work in another . The leader must use his judgment to decide the best course of action and the leadership style needed for each situation .

10. Basic dimensions of leadership Providing Personal Support – Helping people value themselves and their work, so that they can develop a sense of self-worth . Encouraging Teamwork ("Interaction Facilitation") – Encouraging people to establish close, collaborative, successful working relationships with one another. Focusing on Goals ("Goal Emphasis") – Inspiring people to feel enthusiastic about and committed to shared goals , and motivating them to want to perform well. Helping People Work Effectively ("Work Facilitation") – Helping people meet goals by supporting them, and by providing resources, materials, or knowledge .

11. Goal Setting Principles Every leader needs to set a correct and time-demand goal for himself and his followers. Setting effective goals in professional life can help stay focused on improving skills and knowledge, while achieving a specific result. Goals can also help employees feel more engaged and motivated in the workplace while refining their productivity and capabilities. A SMART goal is used to help guide goal setting.

12. SMART goals are: Specific : Well defined, clear , and unambiguous. Measurable : With specific criteria that measure progress toward the accomplishment of the goal. Achievable : Attainable and not impossible to achieve. Realistic : Within reach , realistic, and relevant to your life purpose. Timely : With a clearly defined timeline , including a starting date and a target date. The purpose is to create urgency.

13. Attributes of Leadership "Be, Know, Do" ( BKD ) Model of Leader Development ( LD) ‘Be, Know, Do is a leadership philosophy taught in US Army . It encapsulates the three fundamental attributes of effective leadership. Leaders concentrate on Be, Know, and Do (U.S. Army, 1983 ) as follow: The Attributes of Character and Presence constitute the “BE ” Intellect makes up the “KNOW .” Competencies of Leads, Develops and Achieves are the “DO.”

14. BE has to do with internal character . BE  – It is who you are. T his is all about your character as a leader and is foundational to your ability to lead .   As part of BE, you should be aware of your personal core values as well as your organization’s values.   These values are: -Loyalty -Duty -Respect -Selfless Service -Honor -Integrity -Personal Courage

15. KNOW  – This is about the knowledge and skill sets you need to be competent as a leader and cover four areas: -Interpersonal skills -Conceptual skills -Technical skills -Tactical skills DO  – Leaders act. They bring together everything they are, everything they believe, and everything they know how to do to provide purpose, direction, and motivation.  This involves the following three leader actions: -Influencing -Operating -Improving

16. Qualities of a Leader Personality:  A pleasing personality always attracts people . A leader should also be friendly and yet authoritative , so that he inspires people to work hard like him. Knowledge:  A subordinate looks up to his leader for any suggestion that he needs. A good leader should thus possess adequate knowledge and competence in order to influence the subordinates. Integrity:  A leader needs to possess a high level of integrity and honesty . He should have a fair outlook and should base his judgment on the facts and logic. He should be objective and not biased . Initiative:  A good leader takes initiative to grab the opportunities and not wait for them and use them to the advantage of the organization . Optimism

17. Communication skills:  A leader needs to be a good communicator so that he can explain his ideas, policies, and procedures clearly to the people. He not only needs to be a good speaker but also a good listener , counsellor, and persuader. Motivation skills : A leader needs to be an effective motivator who understands the needs of the people and motivates them by satisfying those needs . Self-confidence and Will Power:  A leader needs to have a high level of self-confidence and immense will-power and should not lose it even in the worst situations , else employees will not believe in him . Self Awareness Resilience Flexibility Innovation

18. Intelligence:  A leader needs to be intelligent enough to analyze the pros and cons of a situation and take a decision accordingly . He also needs to have a vision and fore-sightedness so that he can predict the future impact of the decisions taken by him. Decisiveness:  A leader has to be decisive in managing his work and should be firm on the decisions are taken by him. Social skills:  A leader should possess empathy towards others. He should also be a humanist who also helps the people with their personal problems. He also needs to possess a sense of responsibility and accountability because with great authority comes great responsibility . Respect Collaboration Courage ‘SMART’ Goals

19. Corporate Leadership Skills Corporate leadership involves guiding a company towards its strategic goals and ensuring its sustainable growth and profitability. It's a multifaceted role that requires a combination of skills, traits , and a deep understanding of the organization, people, and industry . Leadership skills include the abilities shown by people in management roles that aid in guiding and encouraging a group of people and their team toward achieving a common goal.

20. Communication When you work in a leadership position, you must be able to clearly explain everything from expectations to goals and tasks. It is also important to establish open communication between yourself and your team members. You also incorporate active listening , nonverbal communication , presentation skills, and engaging public speaking. Negotiation Negotiation involves two or more parties engaging in a conversation to find a solution that is acceptable to all parties . Effective negotiation involves understanding the interests of all involved parties and working to reach a solution that satisfies each one .

21. Conflict resolution Compelling leaders understand how to avoid disputes and have the ability to resolve them quickly. Ideally, as a good leader, you should be able to maintain your composure and make thoughtful decisions when handling disagreements. Adaptability As an adaptable leader, adjusts behavior in response to situational changes . Showing adaptability in leadership involves being flexible and adjusting to changing conditions and environments. Resilience You are resilient when things don't go as expected and recover quickly from setbacks by viewing them as an opportunity to grow.

22. Critical thinking Analyzing information to fully comprehend an issue is the act of critical thinking. The steps of the critical thinking process often entail gathering facts and data , posing deliberate queries, and examining potential answers. Using critical thinking skills can be helpful in determining the nature of the conflict and the appropriate course of action . Decision-making Effective leaders make decisions that benefit themselves, their team members, clients, stakeholders, and organizations. Decision-making by leaders must always be fair and objective and involve the use of appropriate language when communicating.

23. Problem-solving Effective problem solvers in leadership have the ability to foresee issues in the workplace, define the problem, identify their causes, develop a plan to remedy the problem, and learn from the problem to avoid future issues. Relationship building The general nature of leadership roles revolves around people . Without understanding the people they are guiding, leaders cannot effectively lead. The ability to forge bonds is necessary for an effective leader. A study conducted on relationships in the workplace shows that employees tend to be happier in their workplace when they have a degree of non-work relationship with their superiors.

24. Time management Time management involves planning and regulating how much time to devote to different tasks . Leaders who manage time effectively may accomplish more in less time, feel less stressed, and succeed in their careers. Reliability and trust Trust is the cornerstone of a successful organization. Trust in another person's skills, integrity, and character , is frequently thought of as something built upon in personal relationships. Leaders must ensure their words and deeds are consistent if they want to be trusted. If those you lead cannot trust you to keep your word, they will lose faith in you rapidly.

25. Creativity A creative mindset is open, not closed or rigid, and produces ideas and solutions that are both significant and effective. Creative leaders also foster an innovative culture by encouraging teams to showcase ingenuity as a unit. Strategic approach Leaders must think strategically and critically when making difficult decisions. Leaders who are successful will think before they act , or in other words, have a strategic plan before taking action . Self-awareness Self-awareness in leadership involves understanding your own personality, behaviors, and motivations and then considering how these traits and qualities influence your leadership skills. Self-awareness entails identifying where you excel and where you should grow .