LEARNERS with Exceptionalities ( modified).pptx

LEARNERS with Exceptionalities

1. LEARNERS exceptionalities with

2. One significant factor that highlight individual differences and diversity in learning is the presence of exceptionalities. We commonly refer to learners with exceptionalities as persons who are different in some way from the “normal” or “average”. The term “exceptional learners” includes those with special needs related to cognitive abilities, behavior, social functioning, physical and sensory impairments, emotional disturbances and giftedness. EXCEPTIONAL LEARNERS

3. A measureable impairment or limitation that “interferes with a person’s ability for example, to walk, lift, hear, or learn. It may refer to a physical, sensory or mental condition. The word disability has become the more accepted term, having replaced the word handicap in federal laws in the US, one of which is the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA) DISABILITY

4. One of federal laws in the US, is the law that provides comprehensive service and support for exceptional learners. There are thirteen categories of disability under IDEA (presented in previous materials) Individual with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA)

5. Our very own 1987 Philippine Constitution, Article 14, sect2 uses the word “disabled” in paragraph in paragraph (5) “Provide adult citizens, the disabled and out-of-school youth with training . . . HANDICAP does not have the same meaning as disability. It is a disadvantage that occurs a s a result of a disability or impairment. The degree of disadvantage (or the extent of the handicap) is often dependent on the adjustment made by both the person and his environment. Therefore, the extent to which a disability handicaps an individual can vary greatly. Two persons may have the same disability but not the same degree of being handicapped.

6. For example, they both have a hearing impairment, one knows sign language and can read lips while the other cannot. The first individual would not have as much handicap as the second one. Another example, two persons who move around on a wheel chair, the one studying in a school campus with wheelchair accessibility in all areas would be less handicapped than one in a school without wheelchair accessibility. Handicap vs Disability

7. Learning Disabilities Mental Retardation Sensory Impairments Physical Disabilities And Health Impairments AUTISM Emotional and Behavioral Disorders CATEGORIES OF EXCEPTIONALITIES

8. SPECIFIC COGNITIVE ACADEMIC DIFFICULTIES OR

9. Involve difficulties in specific cognitive processes like Perception, language, memory or metacognition that are not due to other disabilities like mental retardation, emotional or behavioral disorders, or sensory impairments. Examples of learning disabilities include Dyslexia (reading), dyscalculia dyscalculia (number operations), and dysgraphia (writing) LEARNING DISABILITIES

10. Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) Is manifested in either or both of these: difficulty in focusing and maintaining attention, and 2. recurrent hyperactive and impulse behavior Speech and Communication Disorder Difficulty in spoken language including voice disorders, inability to produce the sounds …correctly, stuttering, difficulty in spoken language comprehension that significantly hamper classroom performance.

11. Social/Emotional and Behavioral Difficulties

12. A condition manifested by different levels of impaired social interaction and communication, repetitive behaviors and limited interest. Individuals with autism usually have an intense need for routine and a predictable environment. AUTISM

13. Refers to significant sub-average intelligence and deficits in adaptive behavior. Has difficulty in managing activities of daily living and in conducting themselves appropriate in social situations. MENTAL RETARDATION

14. Involves the presence of emotional states like depression and aggression over a considerable amount of time that they notably disturb learning and performance in school. Emotional/ Conduct Disorders

15. PHYSICAL DISABILITIES HEALTH IMPAIREMENTS AND

16. Physical and Health Impairment Involves physical or mental conditions usually long term including one or more of these: Limited energy and strength Reduced mental alertness, and/or Little muscle control

17. Severe and Multiple Disabilities Refers to the presence of two or more different types of disability, at times at a profound level. The combination of disabilities makes it necessary to make soecific adaptations and have more specialized educational programs.

18. SENSORY IMPAIREMENTS

19. VISUAL IMPAIRMENT malfunction of the eyes or optic nerves that prevent normal vision even of normal Vision even with corrective lenses. HEARING IMPAIRMENT Malfunction of the ear or auditory nerves that hinders perception of sounds within frequency range of normal speech

20. GIFTEDNESS

21. GIFTEDNESS Involves a significant level of cognitive development. Unusually high ability or aptitude in one of more of these aspects: intellectual ability, aptitude in academic subjects, creativity, visual or performing arts or leadership

22. PEOPLE – FIRST LANGUAGE

23. The term would imply, the language trend involves putting the person first, not the Disability ( e.g. a person with disability, not a disabled person) People-first language tells us what conditions people have, not what they are ( Schiefelbusch Institute, 1996) This is similar to saying “person with AIDS, rather than “AIDS victim” PEOPLE-FIRST LANGUAGE

24. Avoiding generic labels ( People with mental retardation is preferrable to the mentally retarded ) Emphasizing abilities, not limitations ( for instance, uses a wheelchair is preferrable to confined to a wheelchair) Avoiding euphemisms (such as physically-challenged) which are regarded as condescending and avoid the real issues that result from disability; and Avoiding implying illness or suffering 9had polio is preferrable to a polio victim, and has multiple sclerosis is preferrable to suffers from multiple sclerosis. Other Suggestions for referring to those with disabilities

25. Application Direction: Revise the following sentences to adhere to the people-first language and the other guidelines given in this module. The teacher thought of many strategies to teach the mentally challenged. _____________________________________________ 2. Their brother is mentally retarded. _____________________________________________

26. Application 3. Their organization is for the autistic. _____________________________________________ 4. He is a polio victim who currently suffers from post-polio syndrome. _____________________________________________ 5. There was a blind girl in my psychology class. _____________________________________________

27. Assessment Task/s By means of a graphic organizer present the basic categories of exceptional learners and describe each category briefly. 2. How do handicap and disability differ?

28. Assessment Task/s 3. Revise the following sentences to adhere to the people –first language and the other guidelines given. I attended a seminar about teaching disabled c hildren That classroom was designed for the deaf and blind.

29. Assessment Task/s c. I like to read books about the Handicapped. d. When she was suffering from a spinal cord injury, in a car accident, she became a paraplegic and was confined to a wheelchair. e. He is behaving like that because he is abnormal.