Learning and assessment

Learning and Assessment: Assessment, type of assessment- assessment for learning, assessment of learning and assessment as learning: definition, example, merits, demerits and role of teacher in assessment . Summative assessment. Formative assessment

1. Learning and Assessment Sita Majhi Integrated B.Ed-M.Ed Students Sambalpur University

2. TEACH A COURSE 2 Course Outline

3. assessment Assessment is a process of collecting, reviewing and using data, for the purpose of improvement in the current performance. It provide feedback on performance and ways to enhance performance in future.

4. Type of assessment Classroom assessment is generally divided into three types: assessment  for  learning assessment  of  learning assessment  as  learning

5. 1. assessment  for  learning The purpose of this kind of assessment is usually FORMATIVE. Assessment  for  learning is ongoing assessment that allows teachers to monitor students on a day-to-day basis and modify their teaching based on what the students need to be successful. This assessment provides students with the timely, specific feedback that they need to make adjustments to their learning . it aims to ‘close the gap’ between a learner’s current situation and where they want to be in their learning and achievement.

6. Some examples Homework exercises as review for exams and class discussions Question and answer sessions, both formal—planned and informal—spontaneous Conferences between the instructor and student at various points in the semester In-class activities where students informally present their results

7. There are five main processes that take place in assessment for learning: ( i ) Questioning enables a student, with the help of their teacher, to find out what level they are at. (ii) The teacher provides feedback to each student about how to improve their learning. (iii) Students understand what successful work looks like for each task they are doing. (iv) Students become more independent in their learning, taking part in  peer assessment and self-assessment . (v) Summative assessments (e.g. the student’s exam or portfolio submission) are also used formatively to help them improve.

8. What are the benefits of AFL? improves learner outcomes  increases confidence increases independence changes the culture of the classroom

9. What are the demerits of AFL? Negative effect on students motivation Careless implementation of assessments may have negative consequences Does not provide overall picture of students achievement Students that perform better with oral and visual skills or who display superior creativity are at disadvantage

10. Teachers’ Roles in Assessment for Learning: Assessment for learning occurs throughout the learning process. It is interactive, with teachers: aligning instruction identifying particular learning needs of students or groups selecting and adapting materials and resources creating differentiated teaching strategies and learning opportunities for helping individual students move forward in their learning Providing immediate feedback and direction to students

11. 2.assessment  of  learning The purpose of this kind of assessment is usually SUMMATIVE and is mostly done at the end of a task, unit of work etc. Assessment  OF  learning  involves looking at assessment information at the end of the teaching and learning process to rank students’ achievement levels against a standard. Assessment OF learning scores are often used to rate teachers’ or schools’ ability to move student achievement based on the results of single, point-in-time tests Assessment of Learning is the assessment that becomes public and results in statements or symbols about how well students are learning. It often contributes to pivotal decisions that will affect students’ futures.

12. Some examples End-of-unit or chapter End-of-term or semester exam State assessment District assessment Score used for accountability for schools and students

13. What are the benefits of AoL ? make academic records Provides opportunity Boost individual Training success can be measured They are tools for evaluation Measures educator performance Gains a better understanding

14. What are the demerits of AoL ? Demotivates individuals Rectification is late No remedy Not accurate reflection of learning Negative effect for students

15. Teachers’ Roles in Assessment of Learning: Teachers have the responsibility of reporting student learning accurately and fairly, based on evidence obtained from a variety of contexts and applications. Effective assessment of learning requires that teachers provide: clear descriptions of the intended learning processes that make it possible for students to demonstrate their competence and skill range of alternative mechanisms for assessing the same outcomes public and defensible reference points for making judgements descriptions of the assessment process strategies for recourse in the event of disagreement about the decisions

16. 3.assessment  as  learning Through this process students are able to learn about themselves as learners and become aware of how they learn – become metacognitive (knowledge of one’s own thought processes). Students reflect on their work on a regular basis, usually through self and peer assessment and decide (often with the help of the teacher, particularly in the early stages) what their next learning will be. Assessment as learning helps students to take more responsibility for their own learning and monitoring future directions. This form of assessment is crucial in helping students become lifelong learners.

17. Some examples A student creating a SoundCloud podcast  YouTube video to display solving problems a digital portfolio

18. Monitoring Metacognition What is the purpose of learning these concepts and skills? What do I know about this topic? What strategies do I know that will help me learn this? Am I understanding these concepts? What are the criteria for improving my work? Have I accomplished the goals I set for myself?

19. Teachers’ Roles in Assessment as Learning The teachers’ role in promoting the development of independent learners through assessment as learning is to: model and teach the skills of self-assessment guide students in setting their own goals, and monitoring their progress toward them provide exemplars and models of good practice and quality work that reflect curriculum outcomes work with students to develop clear criteria of good practice guide students in developing internal feedback provide regular and challenging opportunities to practice, so that students can become confident, competent self-assessors monitor students’ metacognitive processes as well as their learning, and provide descriptive feedback Create an environment where it is safe for students to take chances and where support is readily available

20. Features of Assessment of, for, and as Learning Approach Purpose Reference Points Key Assessor Assessment of Learning Judgments about placement, promotion, credentials, etc. Other students Teacher Assessment for Learning Information for teachers’ instructional decisions External standards or expectations Teacher Assessment as Learning Self-monitoring and self-correction or adjustment Personal goals and external standards Student

21. conclusion These three approaches all contribute to student learning but in vastly different ways. The trick is to get the balance right.

22. Thank You!