Lec-2 (Reservoir simulation Engineering).pptx

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1. PME 113: Introduction to Petroleum and Mining Engineering 3.00 Contact Hour; 3.00 Credit Hour Lecturer Prodeepta Neogi

2. Lecture- 02 Introduction To Reservoir Engineering

3. Reservoir Rock Properties Porosity Permeability Capillary Pressure

4. Po r osity Porosity: Porosity is the void space in a rock. It is commonly measured as either a volume percentage or a fraction (expressed as a decimal). In the subsurface this volume may be filled with petroleum (oil and gas), water, a range of non hydrocarbon gasses (CO2, H2S, N2), or some combination of these. Porosity is symbolized by Greek letter ( 𝞥 ).

5. Po r osity

6. Porosity can be measured in three ways: Directly from Cores Indirectly from geo-physical well logs From seismic data. Porosity Measurement

7. Seismic Survey

8. Well Log

9. Permeability is the ability of rock to transmit fluid through it. Pe rmeabil ity Where Q rate of flow, cm3/s K permeability, Darcy (P1 – P2) pressure drop across the sample, atm A cross-sectional area of the sample, cm2 L length of the sample, cm μ viscosity of the fluid, cp

10. Pe rmeabil ity

11. Capillary Pressure The capillary pressure is the difference between the ambient pressure and the pressure exerted by the column of liquid. Capillary pressure increases with decreasing tube diameter. Translated into geological terms, the capillary pressure of a reservoir increases with decreasing pore size or, more specifically, pore throat diameter.

12. Reservoir Fluid Characteristics A reservoir can have multiple components Hydroca r b o n sys te m s can ex h ibit m ultiphase beha v ior u nder wi d e range of pressure and temperature Hence study of multicomponent phase behavior is imperative

13. Phase defines any homogenous and distinct part of a system which is separated from other parts of the system by definite bounding surface. Phase behavior: the conditions of temperature and pressure for which different phases can exist. Phase diagram: a graph of pressure plotted against temp showing the conditions under which the various phases of a substance will be present. Phase and Phase Behavior

14. Phase Diagram (P-T Diagram)

15. Vapor pressure line: separates press-temp conditions from which substance is a liquid from the conditions for which the substance is a gas. On this line gas and liquid coexist. Critical point: the upper limit of vapor press line. Critical temperature: above which the gas cannot be liquefied, regardless of the press applied. Critical pressure: above which gas and liquid cannot coexist. Triple point: the pressure and temp at which solid, liquid and gas coexist. Sublimation pressure line: at temp below triple point T-point, vapor pressure line divides the condition for which the substance is solid from the conditions for which substance is gas. Melting point line: vertical line above the triple point separates solid from liquids. On this line this two phase coexist.

16. Phase diagram of Two-component Mixture For two component mixture there is a broad region in which two phases coexist. This is called saturation envelope. The two phase region is bounded by a bubble point line and a dew point line. These two lines joint at the critical point.

17. Bubble Point and Dew Point The point at which the first bubble of gas is formed this is called as bubble point. The point at which the last drop of liquid remains is called as dew point.

18. The critical point The critical point where bubble point line and dew point line join. This is the point at which all properties of gas and liquid become identical.

19. Cricondenth erm & C ricondenbar The hig h est te m p on the sa t u ra t i o n envelope is cricondentherm. The highest pressure on the saturation envelope is cricondenbar.

20. Low Shrink Oil - Quality lines are closely spaced near dew point

21. Volatile Crude Oil - Quality lines are closely spaced near bubble point

22. Near Critical Crude Oil

23. Thank You