Lecture # 01 Applied Physics basics.pptx

Basic Concepts of physics

1. Lecture No 01 Introduction to Units .. 1

2. Contents Physics & its importance Physical quantity Unit The International System of Units Conversion of units SI Prefix Practice problems .. 2

3. Physics What is Physics? Brach of science that deals with the study of matter and energy How matter and energy relate to each other How they affect each other over time and through space .. 3

4. Importance of physics Foundation to all engineering & technology Scientists of all disciplines use the ideas of physics including chemists, paleontologists & climatologists Without physics there would have been no development in means of communication and transportation All the technological advancements are the fruit of physics .. 4

5. Physical Quantity A physical quantity is a physical property of a material or system that can be quantified by measurement. A physical quantity can be expressed as a value, which is the algebraic multiplication of a ' Numerical value ' and a ' Unit ‘. For example, the physical quantity of mass can be quantified as '32.3 kg ', where '32.3' is the numerical value and 'kg' is the Unit. .. 5

6. Unit Definition: A magnitude  of a  quantity , defined and adopted by convention or by law, that is used as a standard for  measurement of the same kind of quantity A unit should not change with the change in time or physical conditions like temperature and pressure. It should be accurately defined. Examples: Length  Meter Mass  Kilogram Temperature  Kelvin .. 6

7. The International system of units Timeline of how the International System of Units (SI) was finalized: 1960: The 11th General Conference on Weights and Measures (CGPM) officially created the SI system with 6 base units ( metre , kilogram, second, ampere, kelvin, candela). 1971: At the 14th CGPM, the seventh base unit — the mole (mol) for amount of substance — was added. .. 7

8. The International system of units S.No . Base Quantity Name of Unit Symbol 1 Length Meter m 2 Mass Kilogram kg 3 Time Second s 4 Electric Current Ampere A 5 Temperature Kelvin K 6 Amount of Substance Mole mol 7 Luminous Intensity Candela cd .. 8

9. The International system of units S.No . Derived Quantity Name of Unit Symbol Equivalent Units 1 Area Square Meter 2 Volume Cubic Meter 3 Density Kilogram per Cubic Meter 4 Speed Meter per Second 5 Acceleration Meter per Second Squared 6 Force Newton ) 7 Pressure Pascal 8 Electric Charge Coulomb 9 Work/Energy Joule 10 Power Watt 11 Potential Difference/Voltage Volt S.No . Derived Quantity Name of Unit Symbol Equivalent Units 1 Area Square Meter 2 Volume Cubic Meter 3 Density Kilogram per Cubic Meter 4 Speed Meter per Second 5 Acceleration Meter per Second Squared 6 Force Newton 7 Pressure Pascal 8 Electric Charge Coulomb 9 Work/Energy Joule 10 Power Watt 11 Potential Difference/Voltage Volt .. 9

10. Conversion of Units A method known as chain link conversion is used to convert the units In this method, we multiply the original measurement by a conversion factor (a ratio of units that is equal to unity). For example, because 1 min and 60 s are identical time intervals, we have Thus, the ratios (1 min)/(60 s) and (60 s)/(1 min) can be used as conversion factors   .. 10

11. Conversion of units … Because multiplying any quantity by unity leaves the quantity unchanged, we can introduce conversion factors wherever we find them useful. In chain-link conversion, we use the factors to cancel unwanted units. For example, to convert 2 min to seconds, we have If you introduce a conversion factor in such a way that unwanted units do not cancel, invert the factor and try again.   .. 11

12. Conversion of units … .. 12

13. Conversion of units … .. 13

14. Conversion of units … .. 14

15. Conversion Factors .. 15

16. Conversion Factors … .. 16

17. Conversion Factors … .. 17

18. SI prefix The SI prefixes are a series of prefixes to units in the International System of Units, or SI These can denote very small or very large amounts. .. 18

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20. Practice problems .. 20

21. references What is Physics? (columbia.edu) mechanics | Definition, Examples, Laws, & Facts | Britannica Importance of physics in society, science and technology (contentgenerate.com) Define the term unit in physics. (byjus.com) Halliday, David, Robert Resnick, and Jearl Walker.  Fundamentals of physics . John Wiley & Sons, 2013. Young, Hugh D., Roger A. Freedman, and A. Lewis Ford.  University Physics with Modern Physics Technology Update . Pearson Education, 2013. .. 21

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