Lecture-02 - Introduction to computer.pptx

Introduction to computer

1. Introduction to Computer by Md. Sakhawat Hossain

2. A computer can be divided into two main categories: Hardware: The equipment that processes the data to create information is called hardware. It includes keyboards, mice, displays, system units, and other devices. Hardware is controlled by software. (Hardware is basically that you can touch with you fingers)

3. A computer can be divided into two main categories: Software: A program consists of the step-by-step instructions that tell the computer how to do its work. Software is another name for a program or programs. The purpose of software is to convert data (unprocessed facts) into information (processed facts).

4. Data vs Information Data: The raw, unprocessed facts, including text , numbers , images , and sounds , are called data. Information: Information is data that has been organized or presented in a meaningful. ( Processed data yields information )

5. System Unit The system unit is a container that houses most of the electronic components that make up a computer system.

6. Block Diagram of Computer

7. The System Board (Motherboard)

8. The Central processing Unit (CPU)

9. The Central processing Unit (CPU)

10. Arithmetic Logic Unit (ALU)

11. Control Unit (CU) Control Unit of a computer system manages the operations of all components of the system.

12. Processor Cores Core is usually the basic computation unit of the CPU that handles the Mathematical & Logical operations. A core can have its own Clock Speed . Two types – Single Core Processor Multi Core Processor

13. Single Core Processor A Single Core Processor is a microprocessor with a single core on chip . It can run a single process at a time.

14. Multi Core Processor A Multi Core Processor is a microprocessor with multiple single core on chip . Dual Core: Two execution cores Quad Core: Dual Core + Dual Core = Quad Core

15. Power Trends

16. Memory Memory is the electronic holding place for the instructions and data a computer needs to reach quickly. T wo types of computer memory: Primary Memory (Main Memory) Secondary Memory (Storage)

17. Primary Memory (Main Memory) Primary memory holds only those data and instructions on which the computer is currently working . These are semiconductor memories. Data is lost in case power is switched off. It is the working memory of the computer. Faster than secondary memories.

18. Primary Memory (Main Memory) There are two types of p rimary memory - Random Access Memory (RAM) Read Only Memory (ROM)

19. Random Access Memory (RAM)

20. Read Only Memory (ROM)

21. Secondary Memory (Storage) This type of memory is also known as external memory . These are used for storing data/information permanently . For example, disk, CD-ROM, DVD, etc. These are magnetic and optical memories. It is known as the backup memory. Data is permanently stored even if power is switched off. It is used for storage of data in a computer. Slower than primary memories.

22. Hard Disk & Floppy Disk Hard Disk Floppy Disk

23. Cache Memory Cache memory is a very high speed semiconductor memory which can speed up the CPU. It acts as a buffer between the CPU and the main memory. It is used to hold those parts of data and program which are most frequently used by the CPU. Cache memory is faster than main memory. It consumes less access time as compared to main memory. It stores the program that can be executed within a short period of time. It stores data for temporary use. Cache memory is faster than main memory.

24. Basic Units of Measurement (Processor And Memory Speed)

25. Power Supply

26. CPU Cooling System

27. Monitor & Keyboard & Mouse

28. Input > Process > Output

29. Software A program consists of the step-by-step instructions that tell the computer how to do its work. Software is another name for a program or programs. The purpose of software is to convert data (unprocessed facts) into information (processed facts). There are two major kinds of software: S ystem software A pplication software

30. S ystem software System software is not a single program . Rather, it is a collection of programs, including the following: Operating Systems Utilities

31. Operating System Smartphones, tablets, and many other mobile devices use embedded operating systems, also known as real-time operating systems ( RTOS ) . Desktop computers use standalone operating systems like Windows 10 or mac OS. Networks use network operating systems ( NOS ) .  A network operating System

32. Operating System Microsoft Windows Mac OS Linux

33. Windows

34. Windows

35. Windows

36. Mac OS

37. Mac OS

38. Linux

39. Linux

40. Comparison

41. Comparison

42. Comparison

43. Comparison

44. Utilities Software Utilities perform specific tasks related to managing computer resources . One of the most essential utility programs that every computer system should have is an antivirus program .

45. Utilities Software Utilities software is used to remove any problem or solve a complex situation in computer. Partition Magic Backup Utility Data Recovery Security software Antivirus

46. Application Software Application software might be described as end-user software . Three types of application software are General-purpose Application Specialized Application Mobile Application

47. Application Software General-purpose applications are widely used in nearly all career areas . They are the kinds of programs you have to know to be considered an efficient and effective end user . Some of the best known are presented in the Figure given below:

48. Application Software Specialized applications include thousands of other programs that are more narrowly focused on specific disciplines and occupations. Two of the best known are graphics and web authoring programs .

49. Application Software Mobile apps , also known as mobile applications or simply apps are small programs primarily designed for mobile devices such as smartphones and for tablet computers .

50. Software

51. Categories of Computers

52. Personal Computer

53. Workstation

54. Personal Computer Personal computers , also known as PC s, are the least powerful, yet the most widely used and fastest-growing type of computer. Desktops Laptops Tablets Smartphones Wearables

55. Notebook Computer

56. Tablets Tablets , also known as tablet computers , are smaller, lighter, and generally less powerful than laptops. Like a laptop, tablets have a flat screen but typically do not have a standard keyboard . Instead, tablets typically use a virtual keyboard that appears on the screen and is touch-sensitive.

57. Smartphones Smartphones are the most widely used handheld computers . Smartphones are cell phones with wireless connections to the Internet and processing capabilities.

58. Wareable Other mobile computers include wearable devices like Apple’s Watch, Galaxy Watch.

59. Mini-Computer

60. Mainframe Computer Mainframe computers occupy specially wired, air-conditioned rooms. Although not nearly as powerful as supercomputers, mainframe computers are capable of great processing speeds and data storage . For example, insurance companies use mainframes to process information about millions of policyholders.

61. Super Computer Supercomputers are the most powerful type of computer. These machines are special, high-capacity computers used by very large organizations. Supercomputers are typically used to process massive amounts of data . For example, they are used to analyze and predict worldwide weather patterns . IBM’s Blue Gene supercomputer is one of the fastest computers in the world.

62. Midrange Computer Midrange computers , also referred to as servers , are computers with processing capabilities less powerful than a mainframe computer yet more powerful than a personal computer. Originally used by medium-size companies or departments of large companies to support their processing needs, today midrange computers are most widely used to support or serve end users for such specific needs as retrieving data from a database or supplying access to application software.

63. Thank You!