Lecture 2-Craft and Culture.pptx Chinese History

chinese garden culture

1. The Craft and Culture

2. Emperor Wu of Han (r. 141-87 BCE) Liu Che 劉彻 The 7 th emperor of the Han dyansty Attributed to Qiu Ying, The Shanglin Park: Imperial Hunt, late 16th century to mid 17th century (ca. 1640) https:// www.youtube.com / watch?v = WlNblVyovAY

3. Detached palaces, separate lodges,  Stretch over the mountains, straddle the valleys:  Tall corridors pour out in four directions,  With double decks and twisting passageways;  Fitted with ornate rafters and jade finials,  Carriage roads are laced and linked together.  In the covered walkways to walk completely around,  Long is the course and midway one must halt for the night.  On leveled peaks they built the halls,  With tiered terraces rising story upon story,  And cavernous rooms in the crags and crannies.  Downward through the deep darkness nothing can be seen;  Upward, one may clutch the rafters to touch the sky.  Shooting stars pass through the doors and wickets;  Arching rainbows stretch over the rails and porches.  Translation adapted from David R. Knechtges , trans., Wen Xuan, or Selections of Refined Literature, vol. 2 (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1987), 89. Sima Xiangru (179-117 B.C.E.), Imperial Park Rhapsody ( Shanlin fu 上林赋 ) 

4. Garden for Poets and Scholars 3th-6 th centuries

5. Six Dynasties (220-589 CE) Three Kingdoms 三國 (220–280 AD) Jin dynasty 晋 (265–420) Southern and Northern Dynasties 南北朝 (420–589)

6. The Orchid Pavilion Qian Xuan 錢選 ( ca. 1235–before 1307), th e poet and calligrapher Wang Xizhi ( c.  303 – 361) in his garden.

7. Wang Xizhi 王羲之 (ca. 303-361) watching the movements of geese Qian Xuan , Wang Xizhi Watching Geese , ca. 1295, handscroll , Metropolitan Museum

8. Orchid Pavilion Gathering 蘭亭集 353 CE Wang Xizhi and his friends Shaoxing, Zhejiang Province https:// www.youtube.com / watch?v =0vv0tlIKpOw

9. Wen Zhengming (1470-1559), Elegant Gathering at the Orchid Pavilion . 1542. Handscroll, ink and colors on paper. Beijing: Palace Museum

10. Wang Xizhi (ca. 303-361) . Preface to the Orchid Pavilion Gathering . Detail. Copy. Ink on paper. Taipei: National Palace Museum

11. Garden and Courtyard: Tao Yuanming (365–427) Traditionally attributed to Li Gonglin ( 傳 ) 李公麟 ( ca. 1049-1106) https:// asia.si.edu /explore-art-culture/collections/search/edanmdm:fsg_F1919.119/

12. 归 园 田 居：五 首 Gui Yuan Tian Ju: Wu Shou (1) 少 无 适 俗 韵 性 本 爱 丘 山 。 误 落 尘 网 中 一 去 三 十 年 。 羁 鸟 恋 旧 林 池 鱼 思 故 渊 。 开 荒 南 野 际 抱 拙 归 园 田 。 方 宅 十 余 亩 草 屋 八 九 间 。 榆 柳 荫 后 檐 桃 李 罗 堂 前 。 暧 暧 远 人 村 依 依 墟 里 烟 。 狗 吠 深 巷 中 鸡 鸣 桑 树 颠 。 户 庭 无 尘 杂 虚 室 有 余 闲 。 久 在 樊 笼 里 复 得 返 自 然 。 Return to Live in the Garden and Fields: Five Poems: I can almost do without the comfortable and everyday things of people My temperament is to love the native hills and mountains. A mistake to drop down into the middle of the net of worldly affairs Gone, and have been away for thirteen years. Caged birds long for old-growth, virgin forests Pond fish yearn for old and deep mountain pools. On reclaimed wasteland, bordering the open country to the south I will embrace and return to the vegetable fields. Around my house I have more than ten mu Thatched roof and eight to nine rooms. Elm and willow trees shade the rear eaves Peach and plum trees filter the sunlight in the front hall. Long and far away are the village people Frail or abandoned houses inside the haze and mist. Dogs bark among the deep and narrow streets Chickens squawk amid mountain top mulberry trees. My front courtyard and door without any hanging foodstuffs Near empty rooms provide more than enough leisure. For a long time I was inside the cage Once again, obtain and return to what is natural and spontaneous.  

13. Tao Yuanming Return to Live in Gardens and Fields: Five Poems no.2: Open country, seldom partake in human affairs Poor, narrow streets, few wheels and horses. Even during the daytime, hide behind my bramble gate Quiet heart, empty room, cut off from the ways of the world to reflect. Time and again zig-zag through the middle of dilapidated houses Separating the tall grasses allows me to come and go. Seeing each other, villagers without many words Only talk of mulberry trees and growing grasses. The mulberries and grasses grow on and on My land, with the passing of time grows in size. Often afraid of cold frost and small hail Most growing things would fall and wither. 野 外 罕 人 事 穷 巷 寡 轮 鞅。 白 日 掩 荆 扉 虚 室 绝 尘 想。 时 复 墟 曲 中 披 草 共 来 往。 相 见 无 杂 言 但 道 桑 麻 长。 桑 麻 日 已 长 我 土 日 已 广。 常 恐 霜 霰 至 零 落 同 草 莽。

14. Return to Live in Gardens and Fields: Five Poems: No.3 种 豆 南 山 下 草 盛 豆 苗 稀。 晨 兴 理 荒 秽 带 月 荷 锄 归。 道 狭 草 木 长 夕 露 沾 我 衣。 衣 沾 不 足 惜 但 使 愿 无 违。 Growing beans below the southern mountains Weeds grow thick, bean sprouts sparse. Early morning light, cultivate the raw land Moon rise, carry my hoe back home. Narrow path, trees and grass tall and bending over At sunset, the dew moistens my clothes. Having damp clothes does not deserve regret Just hope my dreams go unbroken.

15. I have a country house at the torrent of the Golden Valley...where there is a spring of pure water, a luxuriant wood, fruit trees, bamboo, cypress, and medicinal plants. There are fields, two hundred sheep, chickens, pigs, geese and ducks...There is also a water mill, a fish pond, caves, and everything to beguile the eye and please the heart....With my literary friends, we took walks day and night, feasted, climbed a mountain to view the scenery, and sat by the side of the stream. The painting  Golden Valley Garden  by Hua Yan, 1732, depicting Shi Chong listening to the music of Lüzhu , Shanghai Museum. Shi Chong 石崇 , 249–300  Jingu Shi ,  Poems of the Golden Valley

16. The aristocratic villa: Tang dynasty (618-960)

17. Chang’an 長安 6 x 5.3 miles 6 x 5.3 miles 1 million inhabitants

18. Plan of Nara Plan of Gyeongju ( Silla ) Daidairi ( 大内裏 , palace in the center) and the cityscape of Heian- kyō (miniature model ) Palaces Chang’an (today’s Xi’an)

19. Daming Palace 大明宮 (635) of the Tang dynasty

20. Daming Palace National Heritage Park (2010-), Xi’an

21. Tomb of Han Xiu 韩休 (673-740). Excavated in Xi’an (old Chang’an ) in 2014

22. Wang Wei: Wangchuan Villa Qiu Ying, 16 th century, Wangchuan Villa

23. Family estate and literati taste: Song dynasty

24. Zhang Xian, Ten Views of Family Garden, 1072 https:// www.dpm.org.cn /collection/paint/228297.html

25. The emperor fashioned himself as a literatus : Poet Antiquarian Painter Calligrapher Musician Zhao Ji 赵佶 (1082-1135) .

26. The Lake of the Clarity of Gold, an artificial lake and pleasure garden built by Emperor Huizong of Song at his capital, Kaifeng

27. https:// japonicaplants.co.uk /2020/07/29/ genyue -the-garden-that-brought-down-a-dynasty/ Auspicious Dragon Rock , painting and poem by Zhao Ji (the personal name of Emperor Huizong)

28. Five- coloured Parakeet on Blossoming Apricot Tree , attributed to Zhao Ji (the personal name of Emperor Huizong)

29. Painted map of the Master of the Nets Garden begun in 1140, renovated 1736–1796