lecture-4.pptx king pin Taurus miles morales

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1. Lec-4-Soil Carbon Sequestration-Carbon Trading Carbon sequestration is the process of capturing and storing atmospheric carbon dioxide. The main aim of this method is reducing the amount of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere with the goal of reducing global climate change.

2. Bio-sequestration Bio-sequestration is the capture and storage of the atmospheric greenhouse gas carbon dioxide by continual or enhanced biological processes. Oceanic phytoplankton bloom  . This form of carbon sequestration occurs through increased rates of photosynthesis  via  land-use practices such as reforestation, sustainable forest management, and genetic engineering.

3. Peat land Peat bogs act as a sink for carbon because they accumulate partially decayed biomass continue to decay completely.

4. Forestry Afforestation  is the establishment of a forest in an area where there was no previous tree cover.  Proforestation  is the practice of growing an existing forest intact toward its full ecological potential. Reforestation is the replanting of trees on marginal crop and pasture lands to incorporate carbon from atmospheric CO 2  into biomass. Urban forestry increases the amount of carbon taken up in cities by planting new tree. 

5. Wetlands  Wetland soil, particularly in coastal wetlands such as mangroves, sea grasses, and salt marshes, is an important carbon reservoir; 20-30% of the world's soil carbon is found in wetlands, while only 5-8% of the world's land is composed of wetlands.  Studies have shown that restored wetlands can become productive CO 2 sinks .

6. Carbon farming Carbon farming is a name for a variety of agricultural methods aimed at sequestering atmospheric carbon into the soil and in crop roots, wood and leaves. Increasing soil's carbon content can aid plant growth, increase soil organic matter (improving agricultural yield), improve soil water retention capacity and reduce fertilizer use . Soils can contain up to five per cent carbon by weight, including decomposing plant and animal matter and biochar .

7. Bamboo farming Although a bamboo forest stores less total carbon than a mature forest of trees, a bamboo plantation sequesters carbon at a much faster rate than a mature forest or a tree plantation. Therefore, the farming of bamboo timber may have significant carbon sequestration potential. Deep soil About 90% of this deep soil C is stabilized by mineral-organic associations.

8. Bio-energy with carbon capture and storage Bio-energy with carbon capture and storage (BECCS) refers to biomass in power stations and boilers that use carbon capture and storage. Biochar burial Biochar  is charcoal created by  pyrolysis of biomass or waste. The biochar is a novel strategy to increase the soil-C stock for the long-term and to mitigate global-warming

9. Carbon trading Carbon trading is the process of buying and selling permits and credits to emit carbon dioxide. It has been a central pillar of the EU’s efforts to slow climate change. The world’s biggest carbon trading system is the European Union Emissions Trading System (EU ETS). Carbon trading is increasingly criticized, not least because carbon dioxide emissions in industrialized countries are not declining.

10. What is Carbon Dating? Archaeology’s methods for dating organic objects up to 50,000 years old. Carbon-14 isotopes. The radioactive molecules decay at a specific rate dependent on the atomic number and mass of the decaying atoms. To estimated initial concentration of these isotopes at the time of the organism’s death.

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