Lecture No-2 History of Plant Pathology Modern History (PPT).pptx

History of Plant Pathology Modern History

1. Program: B .Sc. (Ag), Semester 3, Year 2 PP-211: Fundamentals of Plant Pathology-ii Dr. Prashant Kumar Singh Assistant Professor, SOAG Unit No. 1 History of Plant Pathology Modern History Lecture No. 2

2. Outlines Introduction to History of Plant Pathology Objective Concept Component Types Function Exercise Learning Outcomes Research scope References 1

3. Plant Pathology or Phytopathology is the branch of Agricultural or biological science which deals with the plant diseases. Phytopathology (Greek Phyton = plant + pathos - disease, ailments + logos = discourse, knowledge) Plant pathology 2

4. Objective The objective is to introduce the history of Plant Pathology and Contribution of Plant Pathology in the field of Agriculture . Student Effective Learning Outcome (SELO) Ability to understand subject related history modern era and new innovative technologies in Subject of Plant Pathology. 3

5. Concept Plant pathology  has developed from antiquity, starting with Theophrastus, but scientific study began in the Early  Modern  period with the invention of the microscope, and developed in the 19th century. 4

6. Component History Modern era Milestones in the history of plant pathology 5

7. Like other countries in the world, the development of science of plant pathology in the modern era in India followed the development of mycology and the study of fungi in India was initiated by europeans in the 19 th century. They used to collect fungi and send the specimens for identification to the laboratories in europe . MODERN ERA HISTORY OF PLANT PATHOLOGY 6

8. MODERN ERA HISTORY OF PLANT PATHOLOGY 1905 - E. J. Butler became the Mycologist at IARI (Imperial Agrl . Research Institute), Pusa , Now at New Delhi. 1905 - Wrote monograph on Indian Wheat Rusts 1918 - He published book on Fungi and Disease in Plants. https ://Googal image 7

9. He made exhaustive study on Indian fungi (150 species) and the diseases caused by them. He is called as the Father of Indian Mycology and Father of modern Plant Pathology. He was the first Director of Imperial Bureau of Mycology (Commonwealth Mycological Institute, CMI) now CAB International Mycological Institute in Kew, England in 1920. MODERN ERA HISTORY OF PLANT PATHOLOGY 8

10. 1928 - Sir Alexander Fleming isolated the antibiotic, penicillin from the fungus, Penicillium notatum . Received Nobel Prize in Medicine / Physiology. 1934 - W. H. Tisdale and I. Williams studied the organic fungicides by discovering alkyl dithiocarbamates . 1942 - H. H. Flor developed gene-for-gene hypothesis in flax rust. MODERN ERA HISTORY OF PLANT PATHOLOGY https://Googal image 9

11. <Course Code> 10 1948 - B.B. Mundkar intiated Indian Phytopathological Society with its journal Indian Phytopathology . 1951-57 - E. A. Gaumann was one of the first to investigate the physiology of the wilts caused by Fusarium spp . He put forth the involvement of toxin (toxin theory) in wilt diseases. MODERN ERA HISTORY OF PLANT PATHOLOGY

12. MODERN ERA HISTORY OF PLANT PATHOLOGY <Course Code> 7 1963 - J. E. Van der Plank found out vertical and horizontal types of resistance in crop plants . 197 - S. D. Garrett i n vest i gated t h e m anage m ent of root diseases and he is the pioneer in the field of biological control . “Father of Biological Control.”

13. <Course Code> 11 1901-1920 - E. F. Smith of USA gave the final proof that bacteria could be incitant of plant diseases. “Father of Phytobacteriology .” 1952 - S. A. Waksman won Nobel Prize for the discovery of streptomycin. (Father of Soil Microbiology & Father of Antibiotics). MODERN ERA HISTORY OF PLANT PATHOLOGY https://Googal image

14. MODERN ERA HISTORY OF PLANT PATHOLOGY <Course Code> 12 1967 – Doi et al and Ishiie et al - Japanese scientists found that mycoplasma like organisms ( Mycoplasma Like Organism - MLO) could be responsible for the disease of the yellows type. Doi observed that MLO's are constantly present in phloem while Ishiie observed MLO's temporarily disappeared when the plants are treated with tetracycline antibiotics . 1979 - Davis et al . observed that a motile, helical wall-less microorganism associated with corn stunt diseases, which could be cultured and characterized and they named it as Spiroplasma .

15. <Course Code> 13 He was the first to use the term virus , which in Latin means poison. (Founder or Father of Virology). 1935 - W. M. Stanley proved that viruses can be crystalized . He got Nobel Prize in 1946 . 1971 – Diener and Raymer discovered the potato spindle tuber was caused by small naked ssRNA which he called viroid . Plant Nematology 1973 – Needham (England), first time reported the wheat gall disease is associated with nematode (now called as Anguina tritici ). Nathan Augustus Cobb – Father of Nematology . MODERN ERA HISTORY OF PLANT PATHOLOGY

16. Exercise <Course Code> 14 Write a notes of development of modern history of Plant Pathology and learn all the outcomes in this lecture.

17. Learning Outcomes <Course Code> 15 The student will be able to understand the development of history and role of Plant Pathology in the field of Agriculture. The students understand the development of Agriculture Ancient era to modern era.

18. References 16 Dubey , H . C . Introductory of Mycology 2. G. N. Agrios 2013. Plant Pathology. 3. M. Kumar. Kalita ,2019 Fundamentals of Plant Pathology. 4. ICAR E- Course. ECL-0826