Lens and its Types

Camera lens
Camera setting

1. Lens and its Types

2. Lens in General A camera lens (also known as photographic lens or photographic objective) is an optical lens used in conjunction with a camera body and mechanism to make images of objects either on photographic film or on other media capable of storing an image chemically or electronically. -Eye of Camera

3. What is Lens Focal Length? Focal length, usually represented in millimeters (mm), is the basic description of a photographic lens. It is not a measurement of the actual length of a lens, but a calculation of an optical distance from the point where light rays converge to form a sharp image of an object to the digital sensor or 35mm film at the focal plane in the camera. Lens focal length tells us the  angle of view —how much of the scene will be captured—and the  magnification —how large individual elements will be. The longer the focal length, the narrower the angle of view and the higher the magnification. The shorter the focal length, the wider the angle of view and the lower the magnification.

4. Types of Lenses There are two major types of lenses: Prime lenses Zoom lenses

5. Prime lens In film and photography, a prime lens is a fixed focal length photographic lens, typically with a maximum aperture from f2.8 to f1.2. The term can also mean the primary lens in a combination lens system . Prime lens have fixed focal length. Prime lens have fast aperture.

6. Zoom lens A zoom lens is a mechanical assembly of lens elements for which the focal length can be varied, as opposed to a fixed focal length lens. A true zoom lens , is one that maintains focus when its focal length changes. Have variable focal length. Have variable aperture.

7. Lens Types There are six types of lenses Standard lens Wide angle lens Telephoto lens Macro lens Tilt-Shift lens Fish-Eye lens

8. Standard lens A standard lens is one with a mid-range focal length, typically around 50mm. They have an angle of view which is roughly the same as the angle that the human eye can comfortably view, meaning that they produce images which appear "natural" to the viewer. Standard lens focal length fall between 35mm-85mm Most of the time standard lens varies according to your camera [if your camera is crop sensor than your standard lens will be 50mm . If you have a full frame camera than your standard lens will be 70mm.

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10. Wide Angle lens A wide angle lens is one with a short focal length. They provide an angle of view beyond that of a standard lens, allowing them to capture more of the scene in a single shot. Extreme wide angle lenses are known as fisheye lens; these can capture around 180 degrees, making for some intriguing, almost abstract photos. Wide angle lenses are useful for photographing landscapes, cramped interiors, and other subjects which won't fit into a normal lens's field of view. Fisheye lenses take this even further, and are popular for photographing action sports like skateboarding and surfing, where their inherent distortion gives photos a dynamic feel. Its focal length fall between 8mm-35mm.

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12. Telephoto lens A telephoto lens has a long focal length and provides a high level of magnification, allowing you to photograph subjects at a moderate to far distance. They tend to be bigger and heavier than other types of lens, although modern technological advances have made them more compact and easier to handle. Telephoto lenses are popular for any type of photography where you can't get near to the subject, including wildlife and sports events. They are also commonly used in portrait photography, where a moderate telephoto lens will provide a natural, undistorted perspective . Its focal length fall between 85mm-2500mm and +more.

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14. Macro lens A macro lens is one designed especially for close-up photography. They have a different internal construction from normal lenses which gives them very good sharpness and contrast, meaning that they produce some really eye-catching photos. Macro lenses are useful for photographing any subject at very close range. Typical subjects include insects, animals, and plants, but they are also popular for taking extremely detailed photos of everyday objects . Macro lens can focus really close to a subject giving you a very detailed image. In image a 24mm macro lens is shown, this lens in particular also called a probe lens due to its unique shape

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16. Tilt-Shift lens Simply stated, a tilt-shift lens is a lens in which the optics can be tilted and/or shifted in relation to the image sensor. Tilt-shift lenses also rotate to allow the lens to tilt and/or shift in a wide range of directions.  Its focal length fall between the focal length of wide and standard lens, from 24mm-50mm

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18. Fish-Eye lens A lens  of small focal length, having a  highly curved  protruding front element, that covers an angle of view of almost 180°. It yields a circular image having considerable  linear distortion. Fish-Eye lens are extreme wide angle lens. Fish-Eye lens focal length fall between 8mm-14mm.

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20. Example Image Focal Length Lens Type Common Subjects 8mm - 24mm Ultra wide angle (fisheye) Wide panoramas and skyscapes, artistic 24mm - 35mm Wide angle Interiors, architecture, landscapes 35mm - 85mm (50mm common) Standard General purpose 85mm - 135mm Short telephoto Portraits, candid 135mm - 300mm Medium telephoto Close sports, action 300mm+ Super telephoto Far sports, wildlife, nature, astronomy Lens focal lengths, types, and uses

21. Points to consider while using Lens APERTURE A lens's aperture determines how much light it lets through. More often than not, a wider aperture (lower f-number) is preferable, as it will allow you to take photos indoors and in other situations with little or no natural light. A wide aperture also allows you to use a faster shutter speed, which is important when photographing fast-moving subjects or when hand-holding the camera.

22. Points to consider while using Lens FOCUSING Most modern camera lenses have a built-in autofocus mechanism which takes the guesswork out of getting sharp photos. Some specialist lenses may use a manual focusing system, so be sure to check this out before using. Internal focusing means that the outside of the lens stays perfectly still, which can be beneficial in macro photography where any movement could scare your subject away.

23. Points to consider while using Lens IMAGE STABILISATION When photographing at slow shutter speeds, camera movement can cause blurring in your photo. Image stabilisation (IS) is designed to reduce this, making your shots sharper and allowing you to shoot at slower speeds without using a tripod. A lens with image stabilisation will typically give you an extra 2 to 4 stops of exposure, allowing for exposures 4 to 16 times longer without a noticeable increase in blurring. This can be very useful when shooting in low light, or when hand-holding a telephoto lens.

24. Points to consider while using Lens SIZE AND WEIGHT You should choose your lenses based on the subjects and situations you intend to photograph rather than the lens's size and weight, but these can be important as a final consideration. The most important factor is the lens's focal length - longer lenses tend to be bigger and heavier. Aperture also plays a small role in the lens's weight, with a wider aperture requiring a more complex, heavier internal construction. Heavier lenses are sometimes necessary, and you should support them properly using a tripod or monopod. However, be aware that this will reduce your mobility. The size of a camera lens can be important if you need to carry it in a travel bag or pack it to take on a plane, where space is limited .

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