Lesson 1 - 1st militarism in Peru for high school.pptx

1st militarism

1. FIRST MILITARISM EARLY GOVERNMENT

2. . The Peruvian historian Jorge Basadre calls it "Militarism after victory".

3. . The term " First Militarism " in Peru specifically refers to a historical period from 1827 to 1881. This era was characterized by a strong influence of the military on politics , with frequent coups and a succession of military leaders assuming power .  

4. . The caudillos represented regional interests of landowners and merchants to whom they dispensed favors and attention.

5. Factors Contributing to Peruvian Militarism

6. INDEPENDENCE WAR The struggle for independence from Spain left the country with a strong military establishment and a culture of valorizing military leadership .

7. INDEPENDENCE WAR Age of Chaos • José de la Mar (1827) • Agustín Gamarra (1829) • Luis de Orbegoso (1833) • Felipe Santiago Salaverry (1835) • Andrés de Santa Cruz (1836) • Agustín Gamarra (1839) Militarism

8. GEOGRAPHICAL CHALLENGES He was elected by Congress on June 9, 1827, on April 18, 1828, the Constitution of 1828 was promulgated, with a liberal tendency.

9. ECONOMIC INSTABILITY The country faced economic challenges , including a heavy debt burden , which created political instability and opportunities for military intervention .

10. WEAK CIVILIAN INSTITUTIONS Democratic institutions were still developing , and political parties were not well-established , leaving a power vacuum that the military could exploit .

11. KEY FIGURES AND EVENTS

12. JOSÉ DE LA MAR Peru's vast and diverse geography made centralized governance difficult , allowing regional military leaders to exert significant influence .

13. AUGUSTIN GAMARRA Gamarra celebrated the armistice of Piura with Colombia on July 10, 1824 and then the Larrea- Gual Treaty of Peace and Friendship was signed on September 22, 1829. L ater he became president multiple times .

14. ANDRÉS DE SANTA CRUZ A Bolivian general who briefly ruled a unified Peru-Bolivian confederation .  

15. MANUEL PARDO UGARTECHE The first civilian president elected after the end of the First Militarism period .  

16. Decline of Militarism The War of the Pacific (1879-1883) marked a turning point for Peru . The defeat by Chile exposed the weaknesses of the military-dominated system and led to a growing demand for civilian leadership . The election of Manuel Pardo in 1872 signaled the end of the First Militarism period and the beginning of a gradual transition towards a more stable political system .