LESSON-1-3.pdffffffffffddddddddddddddddd

Khffnjhnnuhbb

1. GEC 106
Ethics
Prepared By: Rey Daniel Saboya, LPT

2. Ethics deals with principles of ethical behavior in modern society at the level of the
person, society, and in interaction with the environment and other shared resources.
(CMO 20 s 2013)
Morality pertains to the standards of right and wrong that an individual originally
picks up from the community. The course discusses the context and principles of
ethical behavior in modern society at the level of individual, society, and in
interaction with the environment and other shared resources. The course also
teaches students to make moral decisions by using dominant moral frameworks and
by applying a seven-step moral reasoning model to analyze and solve moral
dilemmas.
Course Description

3. Lesson 1: Key
Concepts in Ethics

4. Ethics, also called moral philosophy, is the division
of philosophy concerned with how a person should
behave in a matter that is considered morally
correct or good. It sounds like a simple idea—how
to be good, and why it’s important to be good—but
it’s a concept that has fascinated and agonized
moral philosophers for more than 2,000 years.
Introduction

5. Key Concepts
Ethics means trying to figure out why
one should behave morally, as
well as understanding the motivating
factors for that behavior. It also
examines what, exactly, makes
something “good” or “bad.”
It is also derived from a Greek word
“ETHOS” which means way of living.
DEFINITION
• Is that sense of good or bad something that’s
naturally inside of us, or is that sense placed
there by a divine being?
• Do we follow a moral code?
• Do we act morally because it is often in our
self-interest to do so?
• Is ethical behavior all about the nature of the
consequences of our actions?
Questions

6. The Ancient Greek Philisophers
SOCRATES (ca. 470–399
B.C.) created much of the
framework and
methodology for how to
approach philosophy and
ethics. Among these
innovations is the “Socratic
method.”
PLATO
(ca. 428–348 B.C.). In
Athens, Plato formed the
first higher learning
institution in the West, the
Academy.
ARISTOTLE (384–322 B.C.),
a
student of Plato’s at the
Academy, and later a
professor at the same
institution. One of his main
theories deals with
universals

7. Types of Philosophy
•Metaphysics. This is the study of all existence. This is about the really big questions. For
example: Why is there life? What else is out there? Why are we here?
•Epistemology. This concerns the intricacies of acquiring knowledge and perception.
Epistemology isn’t so much about the truth so much as it is about determining how we
know what we know.
•Political philosophy. The ancient Greeks developed political philosophy in tandem with
individual philosophy because, as they were laying the groundwork for democracy, it was
crucial for them to determine the best way to govern so as to achieve “the greater good.”
•.Aesthetics. This is about defining beauty, art, and other kinds of expression and
appreciation thereof; the things that make being a human worthwhile.

8. What is Morality?
Morality refers to beliefs concerning right and wrong, good
and bad— beliefs that can include judgments, values, rules,
principles, and theories.
These beliefs help guide our actions, define our values, and
give us reasons for being the persons we are

10. MORAL and
NON-MORAL
STANDARDS

11. Moral Standards
Promote “the good” that is the welfare and well-being of humans, as well as animals and the
environment.
It may differ to society, culture to culture.
(e.g. wearing of Hijabs of Muslim women)
Different cultures have different moral standards.
NORMS + VALUES= Moral Standard
Norms- general rules about actios or behavior e.g. 10 commandments
Values- enduring beliefs on what is good and desirable, or not.

12. Non- Moral Standards
Refers to the standard by which we judge what is good or bad and right or
wrong in a non-moral way.
Matter of taste and preference.
Refers to rules that affect the choice of a person but are not linked to moral
and ethical considerations.

13. Non- Moral Standards
Manage individual life, aspirations and desires, and may decide a person’s
place in his group.
Example of non-moral standards:
Standards of etiquette
Standards of aesthetic
Etiquette- a set of rules on how should an individual responsibly behave in
a society.
Any violation that does not pose a serious threat to human well-being.
(example: not wearing ID)

14. What’s the difference?
Violation of MORAL STANDARD
results into guilt against your
morality.
Violation of NON MORAL
STANDARD results into
embarassment only.

15. DIFFERENT SOCIETY HAVE
DIFFERENT BELIEFS, AND
OUR BELIEFS ARE DEEPLY
INFLUENCED BY OUR OWN
CULTURE.

16. Lesson 2: Moral
Dilemma

18. What is Dilemma?
•Situation where a person is forced to choose between two
or more conflicting options neither which is acceptable.
•It refers to a situaon in which a tough choice has to be
made between two or more opons, especially more or
less equally undesirable ones.

19. What is Moral Dilemma?
•are situations where persons who are called moral agents
are forced to choose between two or more conflicting
options neither of which resolves the situation in a
morally accepted manner.
•by choosing one of the possible moral requiremnets the
person also fails on the other.

20. Conditions of Moral
Dilemma

21. LEVELS OF MORAL DILEMMA
Individual OrganizationalStructural

22. Life is a matter of
choices and every
choice you make,
makes you.

24. 01
DEFINITION
02
TYPES
03
CHARACTERISTICS
04
FILIPINO
CULURE
CONTENTS

25. CONCEPT OF CULTURE

26. EDWARD B. TAYLOR DEFINITION
CULTURE
A B
CD
Complex whole
includes
knowledge
acquired by man as
a member of
society
beliefs, art, moral
customs

27. HOW CAN WE ACQUIRE
CULTURE?

28. HOW CAN WE ACQUIRE
CULTURE?
SOCIALIZATION- process that
introduces people to social
norms and customs.

29. HOW CAN WE ACQUIRE
CULTURE?
ENCULTURATION- learning your own culture
ACCULTURATION- learning other culture
ASSIMILATION- total acceptance of culture
of others
ACCOMODATION- modifying your culture to
fit other culture

30. XENOCENTRISM- you view your own
culture as INFERIOR to other
people’s culture.
ETHNOCENTRISM- you view your
culture as SUPERIOR than other
people’s culture.

31. 20XX presentation title 31

32. 20XX presentation title 32

33. CULTURE IN MORAL BEHAVIOR
20XX presentation title 33

34. CULTURE IN MORAL BEHAVIOR
20XX presentation title 34

35. CULTURE IN MORAL BEHAVIOR
20XX presentation title 35

36. TYPES OF CULTURE

37. TYPES OF CULTURE
Includes art, clothings,
architecture etc, anything
that is concrete and
tangible.
NON-
MATERIAL
MATERIAL
Beliefs, values and moral
behaviors/anything that
is not seen but can be
observed.

38. CHARACTERISTICS OF CULTURE

39. CHARACTERISTICS OF CULTURE
CULTURE IS SHARED /
CULTURE IS LEARNED
1
CULTURE IS INTEGRATED
2
CULTURE IS ADAPTIVE
3
CULTURE IS DYNAMIC
4

40. FILIPINO CULTURE

41. FILIPINO
CULTURE

42. 20XX presentation title 42

43. 20XX presentation title 43
PAKIKIPAGKAPWA-TAO
recognizing others as equals
and treating them with respect
and empathy. It reflects the
value of building harmonious
relationships and fostering a
strong sense of community.

44. 20XX presentation title 44
FAMILY ORIENTATION
Filipino culture is deeply family-
oriented, valuing strong family ties,
loyalty, and support. Family is
central to social life, with a strong
emphasis on respect, care, and
togetherness across generations.

45. 20XX presentation title 45
JOY AND HUMOR
In Filipino culture, joy and humor are
highly valued, often serving as a way to
cope with challenges. Filipinos are
known for their ability to find laughter
in any situation, using humor to lighten
the mood and bring people together.
This positive outlook helps maintain
resilience and strengthens social bonds.

46. FLEXIBILITY, ADAPTAVILITY
and CREATIVITY
20XX presentation title 46
Filipinos are known for their
resourcefulness, often finding
innovative solutions to problems
and adjusting quickly to new
environments or situations. This
adaptability, paired with creativity,
enables them to thrive despite
limited resources or unexpected
obstacles, often expressed through
the saying "diskarte" or "finding a
way."

47. HARDWORK AND INDUSTRY
20XX presentation title 47
Filipinos take pride in putting in the
effort, often going the extra mile in their
work, whether at home or in their
professions. This strong work ethic is
driven by a desire for a better future and
a commitment to responsibility and
diligence.

48. FAITH AND RELIGIOSITY
20XX presentation title 48
Most Filipinos have strong
religious beliefs, with a deep
devotion to practices such as prayer,
attending religious services, and
observing religious traditions. Faith
provides spiritual guidance and
strength, influencing moral values,
decisions, and a sense of
community. This strong religiosity
fosters hope, resilience, and a
connection with both God and
others.

49. EXTREME PERSONALISM
20XX presentation title 49
refers to the tendency to view and approach
situations and relationships on a personal level,
often prioritizing personal connections over
formal procedures or impersonal systems. This
means that how people interact with others is
often based on personal relationships, trust, and
feelings rather than purely professional or
objective considerations. While it fosters close-
knit relationships, it can sometimes lead to
challenges, such as favoritism or difficulty
separating personal emotions from decision-
making.

50. EXTREME FAMILY CENTEREDNESS
20XX presentation title 50
This strong emphasis on family
can lead to close, supportive
relationships, but it may also
result in placing family interests
above individual or societal
needs, potentially leading to
challenges like nepotism or
sacrificing personal goals for the
sake of family.

51. LACK OF DISCIPLINE
20XX presentation title 51
In Filipino culture, lack of discipline can refer to
challenges in consistently following rules, regulations,
or maintaining order, often seen in areas like time
management, public behavior, or adherence to laws.
This trait can sometimes be linked to a more relaxed
or flexible approach to life, where immediate needs or
relationships might take precedence over strict rules.
While Filipinos value community and harmony, this
occasional lack of discipline can lead to inefficiencies
or challenges in societal organization.

52. PASSIVITY AND LACK OF INITIATIVE
20XX presentation title 52
In Filipino culture, passivity and lack of initiative
can refer to a tendency to avoid taking proactive
steps or assertive actions, often waiting for
direction or relying on others to lead. This may
stem from a cultural preference for harmony and
avoiding conflict, or a focus on maintaining
existing relationships and avoiding disruption.
While this approach can foster cooperation and
respect for authority, it can also result in missed
opportunities for individual growth and
innovation.

53. COLONIAL MENTALITY
20XX presentation title 53
Colonial mentality in Filipino culture refers to
a lingering mindset shaped by centuries of
foreign rule, where individuals may prioritize
or value foreign (especially Western)
standards, products, and ideas over their own.
This can manifest in preferences for foreign
brands, ideals, or lifestyles, sometimes leading
to a devaluation of local culture, traditions,
and self-worth. It reflects a historical influence
that continues to impact attitudes and
behaviors in various aspects of Filipino life.

54. CRAB MENTALITY
20XX presentation title 54
Crab mentality in Filipino culture describes a
phenomenon where individuals hinder the
success of others out of envy or a desire to
maintain their own perceived advantage. The
term comes from the behavior of crabs in a
bucket; when one crab tries to climb out, the
others pull it back down. This mentality can
manifest in sabotaging colleagues or friends,
instead of supporting their achievements. It
reflects underlying insecurities and
competitiveness that can undermine collective
progress.

55. 20XX presentation title 55

56. THANK YOU!
[email protected]