Lesson 1 and 2 Earth And Life Sciences.pptx

senior high school earth and life science

1. ORIGIN AND STRUCTURE OF THE EARTH Prepared By: Ms. Bernadette G. Marigmen

2. Learning Objectives: To recognize the difference in the physical and chemical properties between the Earth and its neighboring planes; and 2. Identify the factors that allow a planet to support life.

3. Learning Targets: I can recognize the uniqueness of Earth, being the only planet in the solar system with properties necessary to support life.

4. Earth is also often called as the “Blue Marble” because of it looks like a blue globe encircled by swirling white clouds as seen from the outer space. Earth is the only planet in the Solar System that is habitable or where living things can exist.

5. In our  solar system , there are four terrestrial planets, which also happen to be the four closest to the sun: Mercury, Venus, Earth and Mars.  Of the four terrestrial planets,  Earth  is the largest, and the only one with extensive regions of liquid water.

6. Mercury  is the smallest terrestrial planet in the solar system Jupiter ,  Saturn ,  Uranus  and  Neptune   are gas giants, also known as Jovian planets.

7. Scientists coined the term Goldilocks zone (habitable or life zone) for the regions in the space where a planet is just in the right distance from its home star (usually a low-mass star) so that its surface is neither too hot nor too cold.

8. It is because of how a little girl named Goldilocks, who was lost in the woods and entered the house of the three bears, liked everything that is just right. She chose the porridge that is not too hot or too cold , the bed that is not too hard or too soft , and so on. Just like Goldilocks’ choices, our planet – Earth has factors necessary for life in just the right amount.

9. “What makes Earth unique among other planets?” “What are the factors to consider a habitable planet?”

10. Factors that Makes the Planet Habitable Temperature - Influences how quickly atoms & molecules move . Water - Dissolves & transports chemicals within and to and from a cell Atmosphere - Traps heat, shields the surface from harmful radiation, and provides chemicals needed for life, such as nitrogen and carbon dioxide.

11. 4. Energy - Organisms use light or chemical energy to run their life processes. 5. Nutrients - Used to build and maintain an organism’s body. 6. Magnetic Field - a planet requires a rapidly rotating magnetic field to protect it from flares from nearby stars and from harmful radiation

12. Activity 1: Crash Landing on You

13. A meteoroid has hit your spaceship! Luckily, you are passing through an unknown System, which consists of a sun-like star surrounded by seven planets, some of which have moons. Your ship has barely enough fuel and guidance ability to allow you to select a nearby place to crash-land. Below are profiles of each of the planets and moons in the unknown system. The information is sketchy, but it's all your sensors had time to collect before going off-line due to the damage caused by the meteoroid. Good luck!

14. What planet will you choose to crash-land? 2) Why did you choose this planet? 3) What is the difference of the planet you chose compared to Earth?

15. Assignment: Create a graphic organizer to describe the characteristics of Earth that makes it habitable. Make sure to include the factors that makes the Earth habitable and write a brief description about it. You can use the sample diagram below as a guide. You can be creative as you can in making your graphic organizer.

16. What learnings have I found from this lesson? What good character have I developed from this lesson? What is my conclusion on the lesson?

17. “We are all connected. To each other, biologically. To the earth, chemically. To the rest of the universe atomically.”

18. A certain group of interacting, interrelated, or interdependent parts that work together to form a complex whole is called a system. Specifically, Earth System is commonly referred as the spheres which are divided into four: geosphere, hydrosphere, atmosphere and biosphere . These four spheres regulate the different functions of Earth which makes it habitable which is similar on how a human body system works.

19. Biosphere: This sphere is associated with living systems such as biomes or ecosystems. This includes life on land, in the oceans and rivers, and even life that we cannot see with the naked eye. Features: coastal biomes, forests, desert, grasslands, and other ecosystems. Processes: photosynthesis, biogeochemical cycles (carbon cycle, nitrogen cycle..)

20. Hydrosphere: This sphere is associated with water in solid (ice) and liquid states. It composed of all waters on the surface (oceans, rivers, and lakes) and also the water underground (in wells and aquifers) and may also include moisture in air (visible as clouds and fogs). Features: oceans, icebergs, lakes, rivers, glaciers, snow, and so on. Processes: hydrologic cycle (condensation, evaporation..), ocean circulation

21. Atmosphere: This sphere relates to meteorological features and phenomena such as weather, clouds, or aerosols (particles in the air). It includes an ever‐changing mixture of gas and small particles located above and surrounding the Earth’s surface. Features: clouds, weather, aurora, air pollution/aerosols, dust, and so on. Processes : atmospheric circulation

22. Geosphere: This sphere is associated with solid portions of the Earth. It includes rocks, sediments, soils, and surface landforms. It is predominantly classified as the lithosphere: the upper mantle and crust.

23. The associated features of the geosphere based on types are: • Fluvial & Alluvial processes: deltas, river channels, canyons, alluvial fans • Aeolian processes: sand dunes, yardangs, wind streaks • Tectonic Processes: folds, faults, mountains • Volcanic Processes: volcanoes, central vents, volcanic deposits • Impact Processes: impact craters • Other Processes: mass wasting processes, erosional processes

24. Processes: weathering, erosion, mantle convection, volcanic eruption, and so on. Earth’s Interior Layers: Crust – upper portion composed of 2 types: Oceanic crust (underlies the ocean basin) and Continental crust (underlies the continents) which is most abundant composition is oxygen and silicon. Mantle – solid rock layer between crust and crust. Core – it is an iron-rich sphere divided into 2 parts: outer core (liquid iron-nickel-sulfur, generates magnetic field) and inner core (solid iron nickel alloy)

25. 1. Which of the following is the best description of the hydrosphere? It is only composed of liquid water on earth. B. It is only composed of surface water on earth. C. It is the mixture of gases that surround the earth. D. It is composed of the waters on earth including subsurface.

26. 2.Which biophysical component of earth is composed of all the living organisms on earth, including those in land, water, and air? biosphere B. geosphere C. atmosphere D. hydrosphere

27. 3. Earth’s crust is mostly composed of what elements? A. iron and silicon B. iron and nickel C. oxygen and silicon D. copper and nickel

28. 4. On which part of the atmosphere does meteors usually burn up? Troposphere B. stratosphere C. mesosphere D. thermosphere

29. 5. What does the Earth’s core made up of? rocks and salt B. rocks and metals C. oxygen and silicon D. diamonds and metals

30. 6. Which layer produces the Earth’s magnetic field? inner core B. outer core C. oxygen and silicon D. none of the above

31. 7. Which of the following is NOT a component of the geosphere? Valleys B. glaciers C. volcanoes D. mountains

32. 8. Which of the following best describes the troposphere? It is above the mesosphere. B. It extends up to 50 kilometers high. C. It is the region where ozone layer is found. D. It is the densest layer where almost all of weather types occur.

33. 9. Which of the following is NOT a correct analogy about the Earth Systems? atmosphere: air B. geosphere: land C. biosphere: humans D. hydrosphere: water

34. 10. What is the lithosphere composed of? A. It is composed of the mantle only. B. It is composed of the crust and upper mantle. C. It is composed of the lower mantle and outer core. D. It is composed of the continental and oceanic crust

35. Answers: 1.D 2. A 3.C 4. C 5.B 6.B 7.B 8. D 9. C 10. B