Lesson-1-Intro-to-Philosophy-Holistic-Perspective-vs-Partial-Point-of-View.pdf

Philosophy 1st sem-Grade 11 STEM

1. Introduction to
Philosophy of the
Human Person
JAKE ANTHONY A. MAJADILLAS

2. Lesson Objectives
1.Distinguishaholisticperspectivefromapartialpointofview
2.reflectonyourdailyexperiencesfromapartialpointofviewto
holisticpointofviewandacquirescriticalandanalytical
thinkingskills
3.applythiscriticalandanalyticalthinkingtotheaffairsofyour
dailylife

3. Introduction to Philosophy
1.WhatwordcometoyourmindifyouhearthewordPhilosophy?
2.WhydoweneedtostudyPhilosophy?
3.Isphilosophyimportanttoourdailylives?

4. What is Philosophy?
▪The term “philosophy is an English translation of the Greek
word “Philosophia”
▪comes from two Greek words: philos(love) and sophia
(wisdom)
▪the ancient greeksused this term to refer to “love of wisdom”
Where Love is the strong desire of a particular object and
wisdom is the correct application of knowledge.

5. What is Philosophy?
What is the difference between knowledge and wisdom?
Knowledge is knowing that tomato is a fruit.
Wisdom is knowing not to put it in a fruit salad.
Philosophy is asking if ketchup is a fruit shake.

6. What is Philosophy?
▪A philosopher consequently is lover of
wisdom or one who loves wisdom
▪The term philosopher is used by
Pythagoras, the Ancient Greek thinker
popularly known for mathematical
formula the Pythagorean Theorem.
Philosopher literally means wise man
or one who knows.

7. What is Philosophy?
▪they soon applied it to the study or discipline that uses human
reason to investigate the ultimate causes, reasons, and
principles which govern all things.

8. Common meaning of Philosophy
Philosophyiscalledsciencebecausetheinvestigationis
systematicanditfollowscertainstepsoritemployscertain
procedures.

9. Common meaning of Philosophy
PhilosophyasaNaturalLightofReasonbecauseitinvestigates
things,notbyusinganyotherlaboratoryinstrumentor
investigativetools,neitheronthebasisofsupernatural
revelation,otherwiseitbecomestheology;insteadthe
philosopheruseshisnaturalcapacitytothinkorsimplyhuman
reasonaloneorsocalledunaidedreason.

10. Philosophy as a First Cause or Highest Principle
1.PrincipleofIdentity-whateverisis;andwhateverisnotis
not;everythingiswhatitis.Everythingisitsownbeing,andnot
beingisnotbeing.Itmeansthateachthingisidenticalwith
itself.
Ex: "a = a" or "For all x: x = x",

11. Philosophy as a First Cause or Highest Principle
2. Principle of Non-Contradiction-it is impossible for a thing to
be and not be at the same time, and at the same respect. The law
of non-contradiction is a rule of logic. It states that if something
is true, then the opposite of it is false.
For example, if an animal is a cat, the same animal cannot be a
cat.

12. Philosophy as a First Cause or Highest Principle
3.PrincipleofExcludedMiddle-athingiseitherisorisnot;
everythingmustbeeitherbeornorbe;betweenbeingandnot
being,thereisnomiddlegroundpossible.Example“Theworld
isflat”youshouldanswerTrueorFalse.Ifyoubelievetheworld
isflat,thenyoushouldanswerTrueifnotyoushouldanswer
False.PrincipleofSufficientReason-nothingexistswithouta
sufficientreasonforitsbeingandexistence.

13. Philosophy as a BODY of KNOWLEDGE
because it provides methodologies and insights on how societal
questions, such as moral dilemmas of euthanasia or same sex
marriage, can be answered.

14. Philosophy as an INTELLECTUAL ACTIVITY
isananalyticprocedureofaddressingindividualthought
processsuchasresolvingconflictandconfusion,testing
positions,andanalyzingbeliefsinallinstance's,doing
philosophyisprescribedbylogic,reasonandethicsleadingto
wisdom.

15. Branches of Philosophy
A.Metaphysics
CamefromtheGreekwordsmetaandphysika,wheremetais
beyondoffafterandphysikameansphysicalandnature.
Subdividedinto2
1.General Metaphysics
Ontology
Onto means being.
Logos means knowledge or study
Ontology -studies beings in their ultimate causes, reason and principles through the
aid of reason alone.

16. Branches of Philosophy
2. Special Metaphysics
Cosmology-Cosmology means it studies the world or universe including its origin,
dynamics, and characteristics, as well as the laws that govern its order.
Psychology-Came from the Greek word psyche and Logos means soul and mind and
study. Study of the nature and dynamics of the person as a whole with emphasis on
the way the persons mind functions and the way she behaves.
Theodicy-Came from the Greek word Theos means God. Study of God, it is the
justification of the Good ness of God in the face of the existence of evil.

17. Branches of Philosophy
ETHICS
CamefromtheGreekEthosmeanscustomorhabit.Itisthe
moralityofhumanactions.Itconcernsonhowhumanpersons
oughttoactandthesearchfordefinitionofarightconductand
goodlife.

18. Branches of Philosophy
EPISTEMOLOGY
CamefromtheGreekwordEpistemeandLogosmeaningknowledgeandstudy.Study
thenatureofknowledgeandjustifiedbeliefs.
Itexplainsthefollowing:
•How we know what we claim to know
•How can we find out what we wish to know
•How can we differentiate truth from falsehood
•How do we acquire reliable knowledge?

19. Branches of Philosophy
EPISTEMOLOGY
INDUCTION-On one hand, he sees, hears, and touches; on the other hand, he
organizes mind what he learners through the senses.
DEDUCTION-Real knowledge is based on Logic, the laws, and the methods that
reason develops.
The best example of knowledge according to them is Mathematics, a realm of
knowledge that is obtained entirely by reason that we use to understand the universe
PRAGMATISM -believed that the value in use is the real of truth and meaning. The
meaning and truth of an idea are tested by its practical consequence

20. Branches of Philosophy
LOGIC
comesfromtheGreekword“logike”–meansatreatiseon
matterspertainingtohumanthought.Theconcernisthetruth
orthevalidityofourargumentsregardingsuchobjects.

21. Branches of Philosophy
AESTHETICS
isthescienceofthebeautifulinitsvariousmanifestation
includingthesublime,comic,tragic,patheticandugly.To
experienceaesthetics,therefore,meanswhateverexperiencehas
relevancetoart,whethertheexperiencebethatofthecreative
artistorofappreciation.

22. Meaning and Process of Doing Philosophy
Doingphilosophymeansengagingoneselfinmattersofutility
andmethodologiestoeliminateanypracticalproblemor
abstractidea.Beforeengaginginphilosophicalinquiry,one
mustbeabletodistinguishbetweenaholisticandpartial
pointofview.

23. Meaning and Process of Doing Philosophy
WhatisthedifferencebetweenHolisticThinkingandPartial
Thinking?

24. Meaning and Process of Doing Philosophy
Lookingatthecharacteristicsofholisticandpartialpointsofview,itcan
beconcludedthatusingaholisticperspectiveismorereliableindoing
philosophythanusingapartialperspective.Partialpointsofviewonly
promotelimitedknowledgeonthesituation.Thisleadstowrong
conclusions.Philosophyrequireslearningtolookintoallavailable
perspectivesandworkontheirrelationshiptocomeupwithsound,
logical,andvalidconclusion.Intheprocess,doingphilosophyhelpsone
todeveloptheskillofbroadlylookingatthesituationfirstbefore
concludinganything.

25. Meaning and Process of Doing Philosophy
Importance of Holistic Thinking
•A holistic perspective can enable a person to step back and consider the general
•aspects of a certain problem.
•A holistic view also gives rise to a more appreciative about life, as we are able to
look at life in its totality.
•Enables a person to engage in critical analysis and interpretation of concepts,
•definitions, arguments, and problems.
•It also improves problem-solving and decision-making.
•A philosopher is a good communicator who can clearly and adequately present his
or her ideas.
•Wisdom is one intended product of philosophizing.
•Finally, knowledge of Philosophy can contribute to self-development.

26. Application
Direction: Give a brief and substantial answer to the following
question. Write your answer on a separate paper.
1.Give at least 5 situations where you are adopted a holistic view
in looking at a problem or situation.
2.How can having a holistic view help us become better individuals?

28. Quiz Time!
Direction: Read the statement below and identify what is ask. Write your answers in a
separate paper.

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Direction: Read the statement below and identify what is ask. Write your answers in a
separate paper.

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