LESSON 1 READINGS IN PHILIPPINE HISTORY.pptx

LESSON 2 RPH

1. READING IN PHILIPPINE HISTORY

2. 1. We travel by kalesa to go to market. 2. We attend online class using Zoom. 3. People communicate using Telegram.

3. 4. The President delivers the State of the Nation Address. 5. We pay for goods using gold coins.

4. History?

5. Meaning of History “ HISTORIA” - inquiry or knowledge acquired from investigation. History is the study of the past as it is described in written documents . It provides the analysis and interpretation of the human past enabling us to study continuity and changes that take place over time.

6. Below are other definitions provided by various historians: 1. Jacob Burckhardt “History is the record of what one age finds worthy of note in another.”

7. Below are other definitions provided by various historians: 2. Henry Johnson “History, in its broadest sense, is everything that ever happend.”

8. Below are other definitions provided by various historians: 3. V.S. Smith “The value and interest of history depend largely on the degree in which the present is illuminated by the past.”

9. Below are other definitions provided by various historians: 4. Jawaharal Nehru “History, is the story of man’s struggle through the ages against Nature and the elements; against wild beasts and the jungle and some of his own kind who have tried to keep him down and to exploit him for their own benefit.”

10. Nature of History 1. History is a study of the present in the light of the past. → We understand what’s happening today by looking at what happened before. 2. History is the study of man. → History tells the story of people — how they lived, worked, and changed the world. 3. History is concerned with man in time. → It shows how people and societies changed over months, years, and centuries.

11. Nature of History 4. History is concerned with man in space. → It also talks about where events happened — in different places and countries. 5. History provides an objective record of happenings. → History aims to tell the truth using facts and evidence, not personal opinions. 6. History is multisided. → History talks about many topics — like politics, economy, culture, and daily life.

12. Nature of History 7. History is a dialogue between the past and the future. → We use lessons from the past to make better choices for the future. 8. History is not only narration but also an analysis. → It doesn’t just tell stories; it also explains why and how things happened. 9. Continuity and coherence are necessary in history. → Events must be connected and explained clearly to make sense.

13. Nature of History 10. History is relevant. → History is important because it helps us understand today and plan for tomorrow. 11. History is comprehensive. → It covers a wide range of topics, people, places, and events across time.

14. Relevance of History 1. History helps us understand people and societies → By learning about the past, we understand why people act the way they do and how societies develop. It helps us understand traditions, beliefs, and cultures. 2. History contributes to moral understanding → History teaches us lessons about right and wrong by showing real-life examples of human behavior, including mistakes and good deeds. It helps us reflect on values.

15. Relevance of History 3. History provides identity → History gives us a sense of who we are — as individuals, communities, and nations. It helps us know our roots, heroes, and important events that shaped us. 4. Studying history is essential for good citizenship → Knowing history helps us become informed and responsible citizens. It teaches us about democracy, law, freedom, and how to participate in society.

16. Relevance of History 5. History is useful in the world of work → History develops useful skills like critical thinking, research, writing, and analysis. These are important in many jobs such as teaching, law, journalism, government, and more.

17. PRIMARY SOURCES & SECONDARY SOURCES

18. Primary Sources → These are original materials or direct evidence from the past. They were created during the time the event happened. Examples in Philippine History: The Proclamation of Philippine Independence (1898) Noli Me Tangere and El Filibusterismo by Jose Rizal Katipunan codes and documents Diaries of revolutionaries Photos during EDSA People Power Interviews with Martial Law survivors

19. 3 Types of Written Sources 1. Narrative Sources (or Literary Sources) → These are stories or writings that describe events, people, or experiences. Example: Noli Me Tangere (written by Rizal in the 1800s) 2. Diplomatic Sources → These are official documents made by governments or institutions. They are formal, legal, and factual records. Example: Treaty of Paris (1898)

20. 3 Types of Written Sources 3. Social Documents → These are records of everyday life and activities of people or institutions. Example: Old school attendance records Church baptism certificates from 1900

21. Secondary Sources → These are explanations, interpretations, or summaries written after the event. They are based on the study of primary sources. Examples in Philippine History: A book about Philippine Revolution written in 2020 A teacher’s lecture on Jose Rizal Documentaries or YouTube history channels Textbooks used in school

22. EXTERNAL CRITICISM & INTERNAL CRITICISM

23. External Criticism → It determines the authenticity of the source or document by examining its physical characteristics, consistency with the historical characteritics of the tiime when it was produced and the material used or the evidence.

24. External Criticism

25. Internal Criticism → Focuses on understanding the substances and message that the historical material wants to convey by examining how the author framed the intent and meaning of a composed material.

26. Internal Criticism

27. 1. Is the paper and ink used in the document consistent with the time period it claims to be from? 2. Does the author have any personal bias that might affect the truthfulness of the information?

28. 3. Do the details and claims in the source seem believable or consistent? 4. Who wrote this document and when was it created? 5. Is the author’s purpose to inform, persuade, or entertain, and how might that affect the content?

29. REPOSITORIES OF PRIMARY SOURCES

30. National Archives of the Philippines → This is the country’s main storage for old government documents and records. It keeps important papers from different historical periods—like Spanish, American, and modern times—such as land titles, laws, treaties, census data, and presidential records. These are preserved so that future generations can study and verify the country’s history.