LESSON 1: UNIQUENESS OF THE EARTH (EARTH & LIFE SCIENCE)

This is a teacher-made power point presentation for Lesson 1 in Earth and Life Science.
Learning Competency: Recognize the uniqueness of Earth, being the only planet in the solar system with properties necessary to support life.

1. LESSON 1 UNIQUENESS OF THE EARTH Discussant: John Mark P. Matamorosa

2. CLASS RULES RULE 1 Listen quietly when others are speaking. RULE 2 Raise your hand for permission to get up or speak. RULE 3 Collaborate with others during group activities. RULE 4 Always treat others with respect. RULE 5 Believe in yourself.

3. LEARNING OBJECTIVES At the end of 60-minute interactive discussion, all of the students are expected to: compare and contrast Earth to other terrestrial planets; enumerate the factors that make a planet habitable; and recognize the uniqueness of Earth, being the only planet in the solar system with properties necessary to support life.

4. Many cosmological events took place before Earth came to be. These events explain how the universe was formed and how the solar system became part of the universe. Let us investigate the history of these formations as they are vital in illustrating where our planet came from. It is difficult to completely understand the formation of the early universe because no human has ever witnessed it. The science of cosmology provides various hypotheses that explain the origins of the universe based on its present properties or characteristics. It should likewise be noted that advances in scientific tools and instruments continuously help validate theories.

5. Four pictures one word L ET’S PLAY!

6. T E B S H R H A S U

7. E A R T H T E B S H R H A S U

8. C L U T I E F B A H

9. L I F E C L U T I E F B A H

10. T E M W G R H A S A

11. W A T E R T E M W G R H A S A

12. N E O R G F H C Y E

13. E N E R G N E O R G F H C Y E Y

14. S N E I R M S T H N T O U

15. S N E I R M S T H N T O U S R I E N T T U N

16. M E H B O S A S M P M R E O T

17. M E H B O S A S M P M R E O T O S P H E R E M T A

18. E U S P E M R T A O R O T E L M

19. E U S P E M R T A O R O T E L M E R A T U R E P M E T

20. ACTIVITY 1: COMPARE AND CONTRAST! What are the similarities and differences among these three terrestrial planets?

21. VENUS EARTH MARS Mass Diameter Density Gravity Escape Velocity Surface Pressure Composition of Atmosphere Major Greenhouse Gases Mean Temperature Temperature if no GHG Change in Temperature due to GHG Distance from Sun Orbital Period Orbital Velocity

22. TERMS TO REMEMBER: Escape velocity - minimum speed an object needs to escape a planet's pull of gravity. Surface pressure – atmospheric pressure at a location on the surface of the planet. It is proportional to the mass of air above the location. Temperature if no GHG - this would be the temperature of the planet without the warming effect of greenhouse gases. Note that the temperature of the Earth would be approximately 18 degree Celsius lower without greenhouse warming. Length of day - a function of rotational speed. The Earth's magnetic field is believed to be the consequence of the presence of a solid metallic inner core and a liquid metallic outer core. The ability of a planet to retain its internal heat is proportional to its size . Mars may have lost much of its internal heat very early in its evolution. A planet's temperature is a function of distance from the Sun but is modified by the amount of greenhouse warming.

23. Venus, Earth, and Mars are part of the inner terrestrial or "rocky" planets. Their composition and densities are not too different from each other. Venus is considered to be the Earth's twin planet. It has a very similar size and mass with the Earth. Mars is about half the Earth's size. Orbital period and velocity are related to the planet's distance from the sun. Among the three planet, Venus is the nearest and Mars is the farthest from the Sun. Rotational speed of Earth and Mars are very similar. Rotational speed of Venus is extremely slow. Abundance of liquid water on Earth, hence the blue color. The Earth is a habitable planet.

24. FACTORS THAT MAKE A PLANET HABITABLE TEMPERATURE WATER ATMOSPHERE ENERGY NUTRIENTS

25. TERMS TO REMEMBER: Water - in the liquid form, turns out to be one of the most important prerequisites for life as we know it. There is recent evidence that liquid water, in the form of brine (salty water) flows intermittently on the surface of Mars. Thermophiles - bacteria that can tolerate extreme temperatures (41 to 122 0C) commonly associated with hot springs and deep-sea hydrothermal vents. Life, in general can tolerate a wide range of temperature conditions. The temperature range that allows water to exist in the liquid state is the over-riding factor. Planets should have sufficient size to hold a significant atmosphere . The composition of the atmosphere, specifically the amount of greenhouse gases , influences the planet surface temperature . The amount of solar radiation that a planet receives is primarily a function of distance from the sun. Sunlight is essential for photosynthesis but some organism are able to extract energy from other sources (chemosynthetic organisms). A system that will be able to constantly supply nutrients to organisms is important to sustain life. On Earth, nutrients are cycled through the hydrologic cycle and plate tectonics (volcanism). Internal heat drives plate tectonics. The ability of a planet to maintain internal heat is related to size.

26. ACTIVITY 2: INTERSTELLAR CRASH LANDING Imagine that you are in an interstellar voyage. Your spaceship suffers mechanical problems and will be forced to land. Fortunately you are passing through the Yanib System , which is composed of a sun-like star surrounded by seven planets, some of which have moons . The profiles of planets and moons of the Yanib System are listed on the next slide. You are tasked to decide the best place to land your ship. Write down on your document your choice of planet or moon. Reasons for your choice should also be typed down. Reasons why did you not choose the other planets should also be included.

27. LET US REFLECT! W hy is it important to value and protect our natural environment?

28. QUIZ TIME! 1. Why is Earth called “the living planet?” A. It sustains life. B. It has atmosphere. C. It has water at the surface. D. All of the above

29. QUIZ TIME! 2. Which among the set of planets are called terrestrial? A. Jupiter, Neptune, Uranus B. Mercury, Venus, Mars, Earth C. Earth, Venus, Mars, Jupiter D. Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, Neptune

30. QUIZ TIME! 3. What makes the planet Earth habitable compared to other planets? A. It has soil. B. It has trees. C. It has people. D. It has liquid water.

31. QUIZ TIME! 4. Why Earth can sustain life? A. It has comfortable distance from the sun. B. It has atmosphere that protects from radiation. C. The atmosphere holds carbon dioxide and other gases. D. All of the above

32. QUIZ TIME! 5. Which factors are needed for organisms to live on Earth? A. temperature and nutrient B. atmosphere and energy C. only A D. both A and B

33. QUIZ TIME! 6. What characteristics does the Earth have to maintain an organism’s body to survive? A. Earth has a water cycle and atmosphere. B. Earth has volcanic activities to circulate nutrients. C. Earth has sub-surface water or molten rock that can circulate and replenish nutrients for organisms. D. All of the above

34. QUIZ TIME! 7. What makes Earth similar to Venus? A. Earth and Venus are the right sizes to hold a sufficient atmosphere. B. Venus’ atmosphere is 100 times thicker than Earth. C. The rotational speed of Venus and Earth is the same. D. Like Venus, Earth is also abundant in water.

35. QUIZ TIME! 8. What makes human and other living organisms capable to live on Earth? A. Earth can provide food for the organism. B. Earth can protect the organism from any possible threat. C. Earth has the right amount of temperature, water, good atmosphere, and favorable climate. D. Earth’s temperature is mostly hot compared to other planets.

36. QUIZ TIME! 8. What makes human and other living organisms capable to live on Earth? A. Earth can provide food for the organism. B. Earth can protect the organism from any possible threat. C. Earth has the right amount of temperature, water, good atmosphere, and favorable climate. D. Earth’s temperature is mostly hot compared to other planets.

37. QUIZ TIME! 9. Why Earth appears color blue when observed from the outer space? A. Because of the different layers of Earth’s atmosphere. B. Because of the abundance of liquid water on Earth. C. Because Earth is mainly inhabited by blue-blooded people. D. Because of the Earth’s temperature and composition of gases found on its atmosphere.

38. QUIZ TIME! 9. Why Earth appears color blue when observed from the outer space? A. Because of the different layers of Earth’s atmosphere. B. Because of the abundance of liquid water on Earth. C. Because Earth is once inhabited by blue-colored people. D. Because of the Earth’s temperature and composition of gases found on its atmosphere.

39. QUIZ TIME! 10. Which of the following is NOT true? A. The length of day is a function of rotational speed. B. A planet's temperature is a function of distance from the Sun but is modified by the amount of greenhouse warming. C. The ability of a planet to maintain internal heat is related to its rotational speed. D. Some organism are able to extract energy from other sources (chemosynthetic organisms).

40. KEY TO CORRECTION: D B D D D D A C B C

41. HOMEWORK A. Direction: Write a 200 word report/essay on the following topic: ‘Can man alter Mars environment to make it more suitable for human habitation? How?

42. HOMEWORK B. Direction: Write a 200 word report/essay on the following topic: What are the reasons that make the Earth unique compared to other planets in the solar system?

43. THANK YOU FOR YOUR ACTIVE PARTICIPATION!