LESSON 1 What is Disaster and Disaster Risk.pptx

DRRR

1. LESSON 1: What is Disaster and Disaster Risk? Prepared by: Ma. Angelica A. Angeles

2. WHAT IS DISASTER? Disaster is "a sudden, calamitous occurrence that causes great harm, injury, destruction, and devastation to life and property”. It disrupts the usual course of life, causing both physical and emotional distress such as an intense feeling of helplessness and hopelessness. A preceding definition of disaster stresses that two elements are affected – life (whether human or animal) and property. The effects vary – it maybe a minor damage (like broken windows and doors), major damage (like torn rooftops, collapsed walls), total destruction (like completely destroyed houses and structures rendering them useless and inhabitable) and the worst scenario, it can lead to death. (Asian Disaster Preparedness Center, ADPC, 2012)

3. WHAT IS DISASTER? According to the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO, 2008), disaster is “a serious disruption of the functioning of a community or a society involving widespread human, material, economic or environmental losses and impacts, which exceeds the ability of the affected community or society to cope using its own resources”.

4. WHAT IS DISASTER? Its impacts may include loss of life, injury, disease and other negative effects on human physical, mental, and social wellbeing, together with damage to properties, destruction of assets, loss of services, social and economic disruptions, and environmental degradation .

5. NATURAL DISASTERS A natural phenomenon is caused by natural forces, such as earthquakes, typhoon, volcanic eruptions, hurricanes, fires, tornados, and extreme temperatures. They can be classified as rapid onset disasters and those with progressive onset, such as droughts that lead to famine. These events, usually sudden, can have tremendous effect

6. HAZARD A hazard is a source or condition that has the potential to cause harm to humans in the form of injury or illness, property damage, environmental damage, or a combination of these.

7. NATURAL HAZARD A. A natural hazard occurs when an extreme natural event is destructive to human life and property. This event could interfere with activities in a minor way such as when strong winds blow trees down, or this event could completely disrupt activities like a large earthquake damaging your home, business or school. These natural events have been happening for thousands of years (a long time before we were even around!), but they only become hazards when humans are affected in some way.

8. HUMAN-MADE B. Human-made induced hazards are caused by human activities. Unlike natural hazards, human-made hazards can often be prevented.

9. Examples: 1. Technological/industrial disasters - Unregulated industrialization and inadequate safety standards increase the risk for industrial disasters. Examples: leaks of hazardous materials; accidental explosions; bridge or road collapses, or vehicle collisions; Power cuts

10. 2. Terrorism/Violence - the threat of terrorism has also increased due to the spread of technologies involving nuclear, biological, and chemical agents used to develop weapons of mass destruction. Examples: bombs or explosions; release of chemical materials; release of biological agents; release of radioactive agents; multiple or massive shootings; mutinies

11. 3. Complex humanitarian emergencies - the term complex emergency is usually used to describe the humanitarian emergency resulting from an international or civil war. In such situations, large numbers of people are displaced from their homes due to the lack of personal safety and the disruption of basic infrastructure including food distribution, water, electricity, and sanitation, or communities are left stranded and isolated in their own homes unable to access assistance. Examples: conflicts or wars and Genocide the deliberate killing of a large group of people, especially those of a particular ethnic group or nation

12. 3. Complex humanitarian emergencies - the term complex emergency is usually used to describe the humanitarian emergency resulting from an international or civil war. In such situations, large numbers of people are displaced from their homes due to the lack of personal safety and the disruption of basic infrastructure including food distribution, water, electricity, and sanitation, or communities are left stranded and isolated in their own homes unable to access assistance. Examples: conflicts or wars and Genocide the deliberate killing of a large group of people, especially those of a particular ethnic group or nation

13. I n order to completely comprehend the definition of Disaster, one must be able to understand the following key elements a. Serious disruption - any disaster that is capable of abruptly interrupting the natural or normal processes happening in an environment. Living things including people, are affected when their survival or growth is gravely affected. While global warming is increasingly harmful, the weather patterns induced by this condition can trigger disengagement from the typical daily activities.

14. I n order to completely comprehend the definition of Disaster, one must be able to understand the following key elements b. Widespread losses and impacts- the magnitude extent by which living or things or people receive the event after it has occurred. It can be in the form of physical losses (counted in terms of monetary or currency values for physical property; or the number of people who died or got injured) or emotional losses, like the death of a loved one, especially if the person is the breadwinner in the family.

15. I n order to completely comprehend the definition of Disaster, one must be able to understand the following key elements c. Ability to cope using one's resources when a disaster strikes, people make use of resources that they have or are easily accessible for them to use. Without these resources, their ability to return to a life of normalcy may be delayed, or may not happen at all.

16. The UNISDR further defines disasters as a result of the combination of: a. the exposure to a hazard; b. the conditions of vulnerability that are present; and C. insufficient capacity or measures to reduce or cope with the potential negative consequences.

17. In a primer prepared by the United States Agency for International Development (USAID), disaster impacts may include loss of life, injury, disease, and other adverse effects on the physical, mental, and social well. being of living things especially humans. In addition, it causes damage to property, destruction of assets, loss of services, social and economic disruption, and environmental degradation.

18. DISASTER RISK Disaster risk, on the other hand, is defined as the "potential disaster losses, in terms of lives, health status, livelihood, and/or assets and services, which could occur to a particular community or a society over some specified future time period As these are often difficult to quantify, it signifies the possibility of greater adverse effects when it happens.

19. DISASTER FROM DIFFERENT PERSPECTIVE 1. Physical- from this point of view, disaster is framed according to the extent physical properties or the alteration of the natural of damage the weather or climate pattern. An example is the collapse of buildings changes in the damage done by an earthquake the slope of a mountain due to the degradation brought by flood from a super typhoon.

20. DISASTER FROM DIFFERENT PERSPECTIVE 2. Psychological - While coping is a natural mechanism for humans and animals, there are those who are psychologically scarred after dealing with a disaster in their lives. Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is often an indication that those under emotional stress may often exhibit unexpected and unaccepted behavior. Soldiers who have fought in combat zones are usually debriefed or scheduled to undergo counseling for their recovery.

21. DISASTER FROM DIFFERENT PERSPECTIVE 3. Economic - Disasters often have an impact on the commerce and trade of a community or area. The loss or damage to physical property like houses and buildings after an earthquake often hampers members to re-engage with their businesses. When typhoons damage farms and other sources of food, food shortages affect the prices and the purchasing capability of individuals.

22. DISASTER FROM DIFFERENT PERSPECTIVE 4. Sociocultural - When a disaster strikes a community, the values of those living in it are often tested. Social and cultural activities of people living in some unique communities are altered whenever an introduced element is brought in. Urban communities that are prone to flooding cope by owning a boat or raft which they use to evacuate.

23. DISASTER FROM DIFFERENT PERSPECTIVE 5. Political - When the government cannot completely help communities which have been exposed to disasters and hazards, politics play a role in fostering unity or disunity among political players. Often, political considerations play a role in the speedy dispatch of humanitarian assistance. When government operations are paralyzed, it can be vulnerable to attacks from hostile nations.

24. DISASTER FROM DIFFERENT PERSPECTIVE 6. Environmental - As disasters cannot be anticipated nor predicted, people who are not ready or trained to identify and tackle factors prevent them from returning to normal life. To illustrate, communities that live near coastal towns resort to tourism after the destruction of their fishing areas and the depletion of the natural resources like fish and seafood due to overharvest and dynamite and cyanide fishing.