LESSON 16 TO 17 in Practical research .pptx

Practical Research 1

1. At the end of the lesson, learners are expected to… find related literature review; cites related literature using “American Psychological Association” citation style ; and write a well synthesized paragraph based on various sources read. Learning Competencies

2. Qualitative Research: Selecting literature review, citing using APA Style, and synthesizing literature review

3. What is literature review? Literature review provides an overview of what has been written about a specific topic.

4. To indicate the research that has been conducted in the area before. To demonstrate that you’re aware of important and recent studies in your area. To ensure you haven’t missed literature detailing a novel way for you to conduct your study. To explain the theoretical background to your proposed research project. To demonstrate your ability to critically analyze the literature in your study area. Why do literature review? We craft literatures…

5. Kinds of literature review Traditional – also referred to as narrative literature review, it provides a quick overview of current studies. Integrative – this review synthesizes findings from different approaches . Syntactic –this review synthesizes high quality empirical information to answer a given research question. Scoping – this review involves a broad research question that explores the current evidence base.

6. Characteristics of Good Literature Materials must be as recent as possible Materials must be as objective and unbiased as possible Materials must be relevant to the study Materials must not be too few but nor too many

7. Type of sources Primary sources – publications in which researchers report the result of their studies. Secondary sources – publications in which authors describe the work of others.

8. Primary Sources Secondary Sources Diaries Interviews Artworks Poem treaty Biography Books Newspapers Journal articles

9. Searching for reliable, accurate and up-to-date material on the topic or subject. Reading and summarizing the key points from this literature. Synthesizing these key ideas, theories and concepts into summary of what is knows. Discussing and evaluating these ideas, theories and concepts. Identifying particular areas of debates or controversy. Preparing for the ground for the application of these ideas to new research. Preparing a literature review thus involves:

10. Referencing Style APA Style – is an author/date-based style

11. BOOKS Last name, First name (year). Book title. Subtitle, (edition) Place: Publisher Corpus B. & Salandanan G. (2013) Principles of teaching 1. Quezon city: LORIMAR Publishing Inc. WEBSITES Author, (date). Title of document (formal description). Retrieved from http://xxxxxxxxxxxxxxx

12. E-BOOKS Author, Initial. (date). Title of Book. Retrieved from http://xxxxxxxxxxxxxxx . Chapter in an e-book Author, Initial. (date). Title of chapter. In E. Editor (Edition). Title of E-Book (pp xx-xx). Retrieved from http://xxxxxxxxxxxxxxx YOUTUBE VIDEO Author’s last name, First Initial (Screen name) (Year, Month, day) Title of Video. Retrieved from http://xxxxxxxxxxxxxxx Greenland, B. ( bryangreenland ) (2012, January 13). Funny library montage. Retrieve from https:/www.youtube.com/watch? – 7_a70TEnLg

13. ENCYCLOPEDIA Author’s last name, First initial (year) Article Title: Editor’s first initial, last name (Ed.); Encyclopedia Title: (ed#; Vol.#, pp#) place: publisher Melzshack , R. (2010) Pain theories. In I.B. Weiner & W.E. Craighead (eds.), The Corsini Encyclopedia of Psychology (4 th ed.), Vol.3, pp. 1139-1141. Habeoken , N.J., Wiley. JOURNAL ARTICLE Knotts, H.G & Haspel, M. (2006). The impact of gentrification on voter turnout. Social science quarterly, 87(1), 110-121.

14. What is synthesis? synthesis is a discussion that draws on or more sources.

15. Types of Synthesis Explanatory – it helps the readers to understand a topic. Argument – what is presented may be debatable.

16. Categories of Synthesis Documents – includes written or printed materials that have been produced in some form or another. Numerical records – considered as a separate type of source in and of themselves or as a subcategory of documents. Oral statements – these materials leave a record for future generations. Relics – these are formal types of historical sources.

17. How to Write Synthesis Consider your purpose in writing. Select and read carefully your sources, according to your purpose. Formulate a thesis. Decide how will use your source materials and take down notes. Develop an organizational plan according to your thesis. Write your first draft of your synthesis. Revised your synthesis.

18. Techniques for Writing a Synthesis Summary Example or illustration Two or more reasons Comparison and contrast

19. Student A is merely describing the literature while Student B takes a more analytical and evaluative approach by using the technique of comparison and contrast. Student A: Smith (2000) concludes that personal privacy in their living quarters is the most important factor in nursing home residents' perception of their autonomy. He suggests that the physical environment in the more public spaces of the building did not have much impact on their perceptions. Neither the layout of the building, nor the activities available seem to make much difference. Jones and Johnstone make the claim that the need to control one's environment is a fundamental need of life (2001), and suggest that the approach of most institutions, which is to provide total care, may be as bad as no care at all. If people have no choices or think that they have none, they become depressed.

20. After studying residents and staff from two intermediate care facilities in Calgary, Alberta, Smith (2000) came to the conclusion that except for the amount of personal privacy available to residents, the physical environment of these institutions had minimal if any effect on their perceptions of control (autonomy). However, French (1998) and Haroon (2000) found that availability of private areas is not the only aspect of the physical environment that determines residents' autonomy. Haroon interviewed 115 residents from 32 different nursing homes known to have different levels of autonomy (2000). It was found that physical structures, such as standardized furniture, heating that could not be individually regulated, and no possession of a house key for residents limited their feelings of independence. Moreover, Hope (2002), who interviewed 225 residents from various nursing homes, substantiates the claim that characteristics of the institutional environment such as the extent of resources in the facility, as well as its location, are features which residents have indicated as being of great importance to their independence.

21. HAPPY QUIZ # 4: Give what is being asked in each item. This review involves a broad research question that explores the current evidence base. This type of sources is called first-hand information or raw materials.” APA styles stand for what ? This type of sources which includes myths, tales, stories, legends. This type of synthesis that gives explanations on the information gathered?