Lesson 2 Aristotles-View-on-Human-flourishing.pptx

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1. MIDTERM Aristotle’s View on Human Flourishing LESSON 2

2. OBJECTIVES: Identify Aristotle’s view on human flourishing. 2. Enumerate the different human values and the effects of science and technology on these values . 3. Determine the development of the scientific method and validity of science.

3. SEATWORK: Dear Me Directions: Make a letter to yourself expressing how you feel today (happiness, sadness, contentment, disappointment , emptiness etc.) and state the reasons why you feel this way. Include also the possible way on how you will maintain this positive feeling and/or improve or minimize those unpleasant feelings. (WORD FORMAT - 20 pts.)

4. 20 Followed directions; original composition; submitted on time. 18 Followed directions; original composition; submitted late. 15 Followed directions, but contents were confusing; original composition; submitted on time. 12 Followed directions, but contents were confusing; original composition; submitted late. 10 Followed some directions; original composition; submitted on time. 5 F ollowed some directions; original composition; submitted on time. Copied from any source MARKINGS

5. Happiness defined: According to dictionary: C ontentment , felicity imply an active or passive state of pleasure or pleasurable satisfaction.

6. Happiness defined: Psychology H appiness is a mental or emotional state of well-being which can be defined by, among others, positive or pleasant emotions ranging from contentment to intense joy

7. Happiness defined: Behaviorist Happiness is a cocktail of emotions we experience when we do something good or positive.

8. Happiness defined: Neurologists Happiness is the experience of a flood of hormones released in the brain as a reward for behavior that prolongs survival.

9. Happiness defined: The hedonistic view of well-being is that happiness is the polar opposite of suffering; the presence of happiness indicates the absence of pain. Because of this, hedonists believe that the purpose of life is to maximize happiness, which minimizes misery.

10. Aristotle believed that human flourishing requires a life with other people. Aristotle taught people acquire virtues through practice and that a set of concrete virtues could lead a person toward his natural excellence an happiness.

11. Accoding to Aristotle , there is an end of all the actions that we perform which we desire for itself. This is what us known as eudamonia , flourishing, or happiness, which is desired for its own sake with all other things being desired on its account. Eudamonia is a property of one's life when considered as a whole. Flourishing is the highest good of human endeavors and that toward which all actions aim. It is success as a human being. The best life is one of excellent human activity.

12.   Eudaimonia a term that combines the Greek words for "good" and "spirit" to describe the ideology. Eudaimonia defines happiness as the pursuit of becoming a better person. Eudaimonists do this by challenging themselves intellectually or by engaging in activities that make them spiritually richer people.

13. “good spirited” Coined by Aristotle Describes the pinnacle of happiness that is attainable by humans . “ human flourishing”

14. From Nicomachean Ethics (philosophical inquiry into the nature of the good life for a human being.) – human flourishing arises as a result of different components such as • Phronesis • Friendship • Wealth • Power

15.  In ancient Greek society, they believe that acquiring these will surely bring the seekers happiness, which in effect allows them to partake in the greater notion of what we call the Good.

16.  As time changes, elements that comprise human flourishing changed. People found means to live more comfortably, explore more places, develop more products, and make more money.

17. • Humans of today are expected to become “man of the world” • Supposed to situate himself in a global neighborhood, working side by side among institutions and the government to be able to reach a common goal.

18.  Competition as a means of survival has become passé. Coordination is the new trend.

19. Principle of Human flourishing Dignity of the Human person - innate personal values or rights which demands respect for all people regardless of race, social class, wealth, etc. Common Good - sacrificing self-interest to provide for the basic human needs of everyone makes the whole community flourish. Preferential Option for the Poor - when decisions are made by first considering the poor .

20. Principle of Human flourishing Subsidarity - when all those affected by decision are involve in making it. Universal Purpose of Goods - the Earth's resources serve every person's needs, regardless of who "owns" them. Stewardship of Creation - duty to care for Earth as (God-given) gift is a personal responsibility for the common good

21. Principle of Human flourishing Promotion of Peace - Everyone has the duty to respect and collaborate in personal relationships and at national and global levels. Participation - everyone has the right and the duty to take part in the life of a society (economic, political, cultural, religious) Global Solidarity - recognition that we are all interconnected, part of one human family.

22. EASTERN CONCEPTION focus is community-centric individual should sacrifice himself for the sake of society Chinese Confucian system Japanese Bushido Encourage studies of literature, sciences, and art for a greater cause

23. WESTERN CONCEPTION more focused on the individual human flourishing as an end Aristotelian view Aims for eudaimonia as the ultimate good

24. SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY AND HUMAN FLOURISHING Every discovery, innovation, and success contributes to our pool of human knowledge. Human’s perpetual need to locate himself in the world by finding proofs to trace evolution. Elicits our idea of self-importance

25. Technology is a human activity we excel in as a result of achieving science. ( Heidegger) Good is inherently related to the truth

26. SCIENCE AS METHODS AND RESULTS Science stems from objectivity brought upon by a rigid method Claim to reason and empiricism

27. STEPS IN SCIENTIFIC METHOD Observe Determine the Problem Formulate hypothesis Conduct experiment Gather and analyze Formulate conclusion and provide recommendation

28. VERIFICATION THEORY A discipline is science if it can be confirmed or interpreted in the event of an alternative hypothesis being accepted . Premium on empiricism Takes into account those results which are measurable and experiments which are repeatable.

29. VIENNA CIRCLE Group of scholars who believed that; only those which can be observed should be regarded as meaningful, Reject those which cannot be directly accessed as meaningless .

30. Suppose, for instance, this girl, Lea has a theory that her classmate Ian likes her. Good, she thought, I like him too. But how do I know that he likes me? She began by observing him and his interactions with her. Several gestures she noted include his always exchanging pleasantries with her whenever they bump into each other, his big smile when he sees her, and him going out of his way to greet her even when riding a jeepney .

31. Through these observations, she was then able to conclude that Ian does like her because, she thought, why would anyone do something like that for a person he does not like?

32. As it turns out, however, Ian is just generally happy to meet people he knew. He had known Lea since they were in first year and regards her as a generally okay person. It is no surprise then that upon learning that Ian basically does this to everyone, Lea was crushed. She vowed to herself that she would never assume again.

33. FALSIFICATION THEORY As long as an ideology is not proven to be false and can best explain a phenomenon over alternative theories, we should accept the said ideology. Allowed emergence of theories otherwise rejected by the verification theory. Encourages research in order to determine which among the theories can stand the test of falsification.

34.  KARL POPPER – aim at the production of new, falsifiable predictions – scientific practice is characterized by its continual effort to test theories against experience and make revisions based on the outcomes of these tests

35. Ian is generally everybody’s friend. He likes to be around people and generally aspires to become everybody’s friend. However, there is this one girl, Lea, who seemed to not like him when he is around. Every time he waves at her, she turns away, and when they are in the same room, she avoids his glances.

36. Through this he concluded that Lea does not like him and does his best to show her that he is not a threat. He began greeting her whenever they pass by each other at the corridor, even going so far as calling her attention when he was in the jeepney and saw her walking past.

37. When they were able to talk to each other, he found out that Lea is just really shy and is not accustomed to people greeting her. He then was able to conclude that his initial impression of her not liking him is wrong and thus said proposition is rejected.

38. There is no known rule as to the number of instance that a theory is rejected or falsified in order for it to be set aside. There is no assurance that observable event or “evidences” are indeed manifestations of a certain concept or “theories”.