Lesson 4 Determining and Formulating Goals (pagbuo ng layunin).pptx

lesson objectives principles

1. Determining and Formulating Goals/Objectives “Goals are our guiding star.”

2. Guiding Principles in Determining and Formulating Learning Objectives:

3. 1. Begin with the end in mind. We must begin our lesson with a clearly defined lesson objective. With specific objective, our lesson becomes more focused.

4. 2. Share lesson objective with students. Make your students own the lesson objectives.

5. 3. Lesson objectives must be in the two or three domains Lesson objective must integrate objectives in the cognitive, psychomotor and affective domains for a wholistic lesson. Cognitive- mental, intellect Affective- values formation Psychomotor- honing of skills

6. 4.Work on significant and relevant lesson objectives Our lesson objective must be connected to our students’ life experiences. The level of their self-motivation all the more increases when our lesson objective is relevant to their daily life, hence, significant.

7. 5. Lesson objectives must be aligned with the aims of education as embodied in the Philippine Constitution and other laws and on the vision-mission statements of the educational institution of which you are a part. Education Act of 1982 This means that the aims and goals of education as provided for in our laws filter down to our lesson objective.

8. 6. Aim at the development of critical and creative thinking If we want to contribute to the development of citizens who are critical and creative thinkers, the type of citizens needed to make democracy, then we should include in our scope of questions high-level; divergent questions.

9. 7. For accountability of learning, lesson objectives must be SMART SMART stands for Specific, Measurable, Attainable, Relevant, Time-bound. With SMART objectives we depart from the unsound practice of teaching that is so spread out that in the end we find ourselves unclear on what test we are going to give to assess learning.

10. Taxonomy of Objectives Cognitive Domain By Benjamin Bloom (1956) and Anderson

11. Knowledge:  the ability to recall data and/or information. Example: A child recites the English alphabet. Comprehension:  the ability to understand the meaning of what is known. Example: A teacher explains a theory in his own words. Application:  the ability to utilize an abstraction or to use knowledge in a new situation. Example: A nurse intern applies what she learned in her Psychology class when she talks to patients.

12. Analysis:  the ability to differentiate facts and opinions. Example: A lawyer was able to win over a case after recognizing logical fallacies in the reasoning of the offender. Synthesis:  the ability to integrate different elements or concepts in order to form a sound pattern or structure so a new meaning can be established. Examples: A therapist combines yoga, biofeedback and support group therapy in creating a care plan for his patient. Evaluation:  the ability to come up with judgments about the importance of concepts. Examples: A businessman selects the most efficient way of selling products.

13. Paksa : Pangngalan Cognitive (Comprehension): Naipaliliwanag ang konsepto ng pangngalan bilang bahagi ng pananalita Cognitive (Knowledge): Nabibigyang kahulugan ang pangngalan at mga uri nito : Naibabahagi ang katuturan ng pangngalan Cognitive (Application): Nagagamit nang tama ang mga pangngalan at uri nito sa pagbuo ng pangungusap : Nagagamit nang tama ang mga pangngalan at uri nito sa pangungusap Cognitive (Analysis): Nasusuri ang mga pangngalan sang- ayon sa uri nito sa loob ng pangungusap Cognitive (Synthesis): Nakabubuo ng sariling pangungusap sa pamamagitan ng tamang paggamit ng pangngalan at mga uri nito Cognitive (Evaluation): Nasisiyasat ang tama at maling gamit ng pangngalan at mga uri nito sa mga halimbawang pangungusap o diskurso

14. Paksa : Pangngalan Affective: Napahahalagahan ang pangngalan sa pamamagitan ng pagsunod sa tuntunin sa tamang paggamit nito : Naipapakita ang paggalang sa pamamagitan ng tamang paggamit ng pangngalan sang- ayon sa uri nito Psychomotor: Nakagagawa ng pangungusap at/o diskurso gamit ang pangngalan Nauunawaan ang kahulugan ng tula at mga elemento nito

15. Taxonomy of Objectives Affective Domain By David Krathwohl

16. Receiving Awareness, willingness to receive, selective attention

17. Responding Acquiescence, willing response, feelings of satisfaction

18. Valuing Acceptance, preference, commitment

19. Organization Conceptualization of values, organizations of a value system

20. Characterization Generalized set of values, characterization or philosophy of life

21. Taxonomy of Objectives Psychomotor Domain By Anita Harlow

22. Reflex movements Relate to reflexes

23. Perceptual abilities Objectives relate to kinesthetic, visual, auditory, tactile and coordination abilities

24. Physical abilities Relate to endurance, strength, flexibility, agility, reaction-response time, dexterity

25. Skilled movements Objectives relate to games, sports, dances and the arts

26. Nondiscursive communication Expressive movements through posture, gestures, facial expressions, creative movements