Lesson 5 - Inferring and Explaining Patterns and Themes from Data.pptx

qualitative data

1. Lesson 5 INFERRING AND EXPLAINING PATTERNS AND THEMES FROM DATA

2. IDENTIFYING MEANINGFUL PATTERNS AND THEMES Two primary ways of doing the analysis Content analysis Thematic analysis

3. IDENTIFYING MEANINGFUL PATTERNS AND THEMES (Content Analysis) Used when qualitative data had been collected through interviews, focus groups, observation and documentary analyses. Used to categorize oral or spoken words, a person’s conduct of behavior, sorting, grouping, codification and tabulations.

4. IDENTIFYING MEANINGFUL PATTERNS AND THEMES (Content Analysis 2 Levels) Basic Level a descriptive discussion of what the data is. Simply specifies what was said and no further explanation or comments on how and why it is said should be done. Higher Level a more interpretative analysis that combine the specific responses, as well as what may have been inferred or implied from the data.

5. IDENTIFYING MEANINGFUL PATTERNS AND THEMES (Content Analysis) Content Analysis also involves coding and classifying of data , also referred to as categorizing or indexing . The aim of content analysis is to make sense of data and to make inferences about the messages or findings.

6. IDENTIFYING MEANINGFUL PATTERNS AND THEMES (Steps of Content Analysis – Hsieh and Shannon, 2005) Prepare your data Determine the unit of analysis Develop the categories and coding system Pre-test the coding system Code all textual data Check the validity and reliability of the data Draw inferences Present the results

7. IDENTIFYING MEANINGFUL PATTERNS AND THEMES (Thematic Analysis) a form of pattern recognition within the data. It provides a simple interpretation and concise descriptions of themes and patterns in the data set. involves careful review of the raw data identify themes after coding and categorizing the data

8. IDENTIFYING MEANINGFUL PATTERNS AND THEMES (Steps in Thematic Analysis – Braun and Clarke 2006) Familiarize yourself with your data. Generate initial codes. Search for themes. Review the themes. Define and name the themes. Prepare the report.

9. IDENTIFYING MEANINGFUL PATTERNS AND THEMES (Content Analysis VS. Thematic Analysis) Content Analysis - how frequently various categories appear and occur; Thematic - identifying themes and analyzing each theme to build up the whole picture of data. Thematic Analysis can be more in-depth and broader in analysis and understanding. Content Analysis - used both in quantitative and qualitative; Thematic Analysis – mainly in qualitative Content Analysis – focused on codes; Thematic - focused on themes

10. RELATING THE RESEARCH FINDINGS WITH PERTINENT LITERATURE

11. DISCUSSIONS OF RESEARCH FINDINGS (Opportunities) The opportunity to highlight and discuss how the findings of your study have reinforced what has already been done by other student researchers. The opportunity to study carefully how your study reflects or differs from existing knowledge. The opportunity to discuss the contribution of the findings of your study to the body of existing literature and knowledge. The opportunity to explain why you thought it necessary to embark on the research you have done.

12. DISCUSSIONS OF RESEARCH FINDINGS (Opportunities) The discussion of your findings should not only tackle the summary of the results you have found out but it should also depict or original thinking. Discussion of the findings should be well-organize and broad in scope as you relate these findings to pertinent literature.

13. DISCUSSIONS OF RESEARCH FINDINGS (Illustrative Examples) Reference to Pertinent Literature There is an existing considerable body of research literature which revealed that __________. Hilario (2010) who conducted a similar research study found that ____. Most of the researchers in the field agree that _______. Similar studies have shown that _____. Most of the recent works about _____ found that _____.

14. DISCUSSIONS OF RESEARCH FINDINGS (Illustrative Examples) When Indicating Few or Limited Literature Not much research about _____ has been published. Related literature on ___ are rare and needs to be explored. The limitation of all these interpretations is that _______. There is a need to research more about _____. The aspect of _______ has not been given much attention in the research.