Lesson 5 - Transition to Modern Times.pptx

Lesson 5 - Transition to Modern Times.pptx

1. Encounters and Transition John Henry Briones Hondius , J. (1611) Exquisita & magno aliquot mensium periculo lustrata et iam retecta Freti Magellanici facies: eijgentlicke asbeeldinghe der Magellanischer Strate die nu met veel gevaers eitelijeke Maenden doorsien van nieus ondecktis . [ Amsterodami : Sumptibus & typis aeneis . I. Hondij ] [Map]. Library of Congress. https://www.loc.gov/item/2010592453/ .

2. Renaissance & Reformation Contents Scientific Revolution Discovery & Exploration Growth of States Enlightenment The Cloisters Playing Cards . The Metropolitan Museum of Art. https://www.metmuseum.org/art/collection/search/475513 (ca. 1475-80)

3. Interest in classical learning inspires Renaissance It begins in Italy Scholars study humanities It emphasizes life on earth RENAISSANCE AND REFORMATION Study history critically Politics are important Wealthy patrons Development of talents Printing spreads ideas

4. Literature and Arts Petrarch Father of Humanism Shakespeare Hamlet Cervantes Don Quixote Machiavelli The Prince More Utopia Alberti On the Family Gutenberg First printed book (Bible)

5. Cervantes Saavedra, M. D. & Robles, F. D. (1605) The Ingenious Gentleman Don Quixote of La Mancha . Madrid: Juan de la Cuesta. [Pdf] Retrieved from the Library of Congress, https://www.loc.gov/item/2021666762/ Shakespeare, W, (. The tragedy of Hamlet Prince of Denmarke . Folger Shakespeare Library. https://shakespearedocumented.folger.edu/node/261 (Published between 1599-16010 Machiavelli, N. The Prince . Gutenberg. https://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/57037/pg57037-images.html

6. Literature and Arts Masaccio Trinity Botticelli The Birth of Venus Da Vinci Mona Lisa Raphael School of Athens Michelangelo Pieta Donatello David Van Eyck The Arnolfini Wedding

7. David with the head of Goliath. The Metropolitan Museum of Art. https://www.metmuseum.org/art/collection/search/475513 (ca. 1475-80) Botticelli, S. (1485). The Birth of Venus. Uffizi Galleries. https://www.uffizi.it/en/artworks/birth-of-venus#description

8. The church show signs of Clerical immorality Clerical ignorance Clerical pluralism Note: Transgressions and indulgence Wycliffe calls for changes in Church First complete translation of the Bible Huss criticizes the church

9. Martin Luther adopts new beliefs Protestantism 95 Theses Excommunicated and outlawed The peasant’s war Split the church Calvin developed a form of Protestant belief Calvinism Predestination (chosen by God for salvation) Spreads in Europe

10. Henry VII breaks with the Pope Divorced Catherine of Aragon Daughters: Mary Queen of Scots and Elizabeth 1 Counter Reformation Rule of celibacy Banned the sale of indulgence Train the clergy Reaffirmed the church tenets

11. Lasting effect Creation of religious orders Catholic take action Increase of education Religious war The socio-political, economic, religious, and scientific changes created an atmosphere of expansion and exploration

12. A period in European history in which several extensive overseas exploration journeys took place Demarcation Line Treaty of Tordesillas (June 7, 1494)- Resolve issue over newly discovered lands (East = Portugal ; West = Spain) Treaty of Zaragoza (April 22, 1529)- Moluccas Issue DISCOVERY AND EXPLORATION

13. Factors that led to European exploration Economic Factor Trade of luxury goods (Example: Spices) Commercial routes Scientific and Technological Progress Advance in Carthography Improved ship designs New navigational tools (Example: Compass) Quest to unknown and distant lands The Three G Motives God Spreading faith Glory Fame for their actions Gold Wealth and riches Trivia Henry the Navigator ’s action sparked the exploration

14. Name: Bartolomeu Dias Birthplace : Near Lisbon , Portugal Charge: King Joao II Flagship: Sao Cristovao Trivia First European explorer to sail around the tip of Africa Proved that a sea trading route from Europe to Asia was possible From Deagostini /Getty Images

15. Name: Vasco de Gama Birthplace : Unknown Charge: King Joao II Flagship: Sao Gabriel Trivia Found a direct sea route from Europe to Asia First European to sail to India From the Mariners Museum and Park

16. Name: Christopher Columbus Birthplace : Genoa, Italy Charge: Ferdinand and Isabella Flagship: Santa Maria Trivia Reached America Open a door for more exploration to the New World From the Metropolitan Museum of Arts

17. From The Mariner's Museum Collection Name: Fernão de Magalhães (Portuguese) Fernando de Magallanes (Spanish) Birthplace : Sabrosa, Portugal Charge: King Charles I Flagship: Trinidad Trivia Magellan approached King Manuel of Portugal on 3 separate occasions to seek his support for a westward voyage. T he king refused his petition repeatedly .

18. Name: Juan Sebastian Elcano B irthplace : Guetaria , Spain Charge: King Charles I Flagship: Victoria Legacy: A Spanish Navy’s training vessel is named after him. Trivia Upon his return to Spain, the King presented him with a coat of arms that contained a globe with the motto: Primus circumdedisti me “You went around me first” Source : Imprenta de Luis Tasso, 1852-1854

19. Name: Antonio Pigafetta B irthplace : Vicenza, Italy Status: Patrician of Vicenza and Member of the Order of the Knights of Rhodes Legacy: He made 23 hand drawn colored map Trivia Pigafetta narrowly escaped death twice in the Philippines . Battle of Mactan Feast prepared by Humabon From Marasca Collection, Biblioteca Bertoliana of Vicenza

20. Name: Hernan Cortes Birthplace : Medellin, Spain Charge: King Charles I Trivia Conquered the Aztec Governor of New Spain Opened a path for exploration to Central America From Royal Academy Madrid

21. Name: Francisco Pizarro Birthplace : Trujillo, Spain Charge: King Charles I Trivia Conquered the Inca Governor of New Castile Increased Spain’s hold in South America From Royal Academy Madrid

22. Settlers bring Spanish culture to America Spaniards demand labor and tribute from Indians Spanish missionaries convert the natives Portuguese colonize Brazil Indian population declines drastically Disease African slaves are brought to Americas

23. Northern European seek a new passage to India The Netherlands becomes a leading center England challenges Spain and France Mercantilism Economic nationalism for the purpose of building a wealthy and powerful state (LaHaye, n.d.) Accumulate bullion Commercial revolution promotes capitalism

24. Spain Ferdinand and Isabella centralize power in Spain Charles V has overwhelming responsibilities Philip II strengthen royal authority Christian forces war against the Turks Portugal is united with Spain Dutch Protestants rebel against Spain and war with the English Spain’s power declines EUROPEAN STATES

25. Ferdinand the Catholic by Bernardino Montañés y Pérez from Museo del Prado Isabella I of Castile from Museo del Prado Catholic Monarchs of Spain

26. France Religious war rage in France (Huguenots and Catholics) Henry IV brings toleration and prosperity Cardinal Richelieu strengthen royal authority Louis XIV claims the divine right of kings Persecution of Huguenots hurts French economy Louis XIV leaves an empty treasury

27. Portrait of Cardinal Richelieu by Philippe de Champaigne from the Louvre Museum Portrait of Louis XIV by Hyacinthe Rigaud from the Louvre Museum

28. England England flourishes under Elizabeth I Parliament clashes with the king Religious divisions bring unrest in England and Scotland Places more limits on the monarch’s power Civil war breaks out between the king and Parliament Parliamentary government becomes a model

29. Queen Elizabeth I from the National Portrait Gallery Oliver Cromwell by Robert Walker from the National Portrait Gallery

30. Other States Magyars establish the Hungarian state Foreign rulers strengthen the Hungarian kingdom Poland emerge as a power in Central Europe Poland is partitioned by stronger states Russian state develops Peter strengthens czarist rule and introduces Western European ways Catherine expands the Russian empire

31. SCIENTIFIC REVOLUTION AND ENLIGTHENMENT Medieval thinkers see Earth as the center of the universe Copernicus proposes a sun centered universe Galileo studies the stars and planet Kepler discover laws of planetary motion Newton describes an orderly universe Vesalius and Harvey studied anatomy

32. Hobbes tries to find a science of government Locke proposes the idea of natural rights Philosophers question religious authority Thinkers call for freedom of thought and seek reforms in society Montesquieu urges the separation of power

33. Encyclopaedia or a Systematic Dictionary of the Sciences, Arts and Crafts, edited by Denis Diderot and Jean le Rond D'Alembert Many philosophers write for the Encyclopedia Remember: Systematize the body of knowledge and to democratize knowledge and make it accessible to everybody

34. Thinkers value education and disagree on democracy Rosseau proposes approaches to education and social change European monarch adopt Enlightenment Artist emphasize balance and gracefulness Haydn, Mozart, and Beethoven

35. REFERENCE S Perry, M. (1989). A History of the World (Rev. ed.). National Book Store Inc Sivers , P. V., Desnoyers , C. A. and Stow G. B. (2012). Patterns of World History , Volume 1: To 1600 (2nd Ed.). Oxford University Press