Lesson 8 – Jesus Lived the Human Experience.pptx

Lesson 8 – Jesus Lived the Human Experience
SBS – Sunday Bible School
Sunday Bible Lessons for Adults 1st Quarter 2025 CPAD
Title of the Sunday Magazine: IN DEFENSE OF THE CHRISTIAN FAITH: Fighting the Ancients
Heresies that Present Themselves with a New Appearance
Commentator: Esequias Soares
Class: Adults
Slides: Celso Napoleon
Renewed in Grace

February 23, 2025

1. Sunday Bible Lessons for Adults 1st Quarter 2025 CPAD Title of the Sunday Magazine: IN DEFENSE OF THE CHRISTIAN FAITH: Fighting the Ancient Heresies that Present Themselves with a New Appearance Commentator: Esequias Soares Class: Adults Slides: Celso Napoleon February 23, 2025 Lesson 8 Jesus Lived the Human Experience

2. “And Jesus went about all Galilee, teaching in their synagogues, and preaching the gospel of the kingdom, and healing every disease and every sickness among the people.” (Matthew 4:23) GOLDEN TEXT 2

3. The Lord Jesus Christ had a social life – friends, relatives – he interacted with people, and was known by the neighbors and residents of Nazareth, where he was raised. PRACTICAL TRUTH 3

4. Monday – Mt 4.23-25 ​​Jesus walked throughout Galilee, preaching, teaching and healing the sick Tuesday – Mk 6.2,3 Jesus and his family were known in the city where they lived Wednesday – Lk 4.16 Jesus participated in the worship in the synagogues Thursday – Lk 5.27-30 Jesus had a social life like any other person of his time Friday – Jn 2.1,2 Jesus participated in a wedding in Cana of Galilee, a common celebration of the time Saturday – Jn 4.7-10 Jesus sought to interact with people DAILY READING 4

5. BIBLE READING IN CLASS 5

6. BIBLE READING IN CLASS John 1:43-51; Matthew 26:37,38,42 John 1 43- The next day Jesus wanted to go to Galilee, and he found Philip and said to him, “Follow me.” 44- Now Philip was from Bethsaida, the town of Andrew and Peter. 45- Philip found Nathanael and said to him, “We have found him about whom Moses in the Law and the Prophets wrote—Jesus of Nazareth, the son of Joseph.” 46- Nathanael said to him, “Can anything good come out of Nazareth?” Philip said to him, “Come and see.” 6

7. 47 Jesus saw Nathanael coming toward him and said of him, “Behold, an Israelite indeed, in whom there is no deceit.” 48 Nathanael said to him, “How do you know me?” Jesus answered and said to him, “Before Philip called you, when you were under the fig tree, I saw you.” 49 Nathanael answered and said to him, “Rabbi, you are the Son of God; you are the King of Israel.” 50 Jesus answered and said to him, “Because I said to you, ‘I saw you under the fig tree,’ do you believe? You will see greater things than these.” 51 And he said to him, “Most assuredly, I say to you, from now on you will see heaven opened, and the angels of God ascending and descending on the Son of Man.” 7

8. Matthew 26 37- And he took with him Peter and the two sons of Zebedee, and began to be sorrowful and distressed. 38- Then he said to them, “My soul is exceedingly sorrowful, even to death. Stay here and watch with me.” 42- And he went away a second time and prayed, “My Father, if this cup may not pass away unless I drink it, your will be done.” 8

9. INTRODUCTION The Lord Jesus did not live as an anchorite, that is, as a monk or hermit in solitary retreat, isolated from society, nor did he teach this practice to his disciples. On the contrary, the biblical narrative describes that He had a social and religious life. This lesson aims to show some aspects of Christ's human experience. 9

10. 10 “He taught us, among other things, to share bread and wine (food) and to serve (he washed the feet of his disciples).” Washing of feet. Painting in the Basilica of Santa Maria del Mar in Barcelona. Photo © José Luiz Bernardes Ribeiro (RIBEIRO, 2014)

11. Keyword : Experience 11

12. 12 I – THE HUMAN EXPERIENCE IN THE MINISTRY OF JESUS

13. I – THE HUMAN EXPERIENCE IN THE MINISTRY OF JESUS 1- Debates with religious authorities. Jesus’ main opponents were the Pharisees, Sadducees, and Herodians . These debates reveal Jesus’ teachings on ethics, moral principles, and the civil responsibilities we have. a) The Pharisees. The name comes from the Hebrew prushim , which means “separated ones,” because they did not agree with the Sadducees. They defended tradition above Scripture (Mt 15.3, 6) and the separation of the State from religion. They were members of the Sanhedrin and became the target of Jesus’ criticism (Mt 22.15). The apostle Paul states that the group of Pharisees, to which he belonged before his conversion, was the most severe sect of Judaism (Acts 26.5; Gal 1.14; Phil 3.5). 13

14. 14 “Pharisees” had the masses on their side, does this seem similar to us in our days? It is a great responsibility or a danger, as these are the holders of truth, of “law and order”. (JOSEFO, 2019)

15. b) The Sadducees. The name comes from Zadok , a family that held the office of High Priest since Solomon (1 Kings 2:35) until shortly before the emergence of these groups. They were, like the Pharisees, a faction within Judaism (Acts 5:17), claiming to accept only the five books of Moses, the Pentateuch, with some reservation, as they did not believe in angels, spirits or the resurrection (Acts 23:8) and rejected the other books of the Old Testament. Many of them were priests and exercised strong influence in the Sanhedrin. They were mortal enemies of Jesus. They joined the Pharisees, overcoming all ideological obstacles in order to join forces and kill Jesus. 15

16. 16 The Sadducees This group arose from the experience of the Maccabees. They belonged to the priestly lineage initiated by Zadok and continued until the Babylonian exile, having been reconstituted after the exile, in the person of Joshua, son of Jehozadak (Hag 1:1). They controlled the temple, the heart of the Jewish religion. (JOSEFO, 2019),(KLAUS, 2020)

17. c) The Herodians . They were supporters of the Herodian dynasty, a kind of marketing men, trying to convince the people to prevent direct government from Rome. They were established with nationalist interests and were in favor of taxes. Jesus' speech also bothered them. They formed a council with the Pharisees with the purpose of killing Jesus and, thus, getting rid of Him (Mk 3.6). They were associated with the Pharisees in the issue of taxes (Mt 22.16; Mk 12.13). 17

18. 18 The Herodians were a political-religious party that defended Roman domination in Palestine, at the time of Jesus. They were supporters of the family of Herod, who was a vassal of Rome. (STEPHAN, 2022),(SILVA, 2021)

19. 2- The social and religious life of Jesus. The Master participated in an intense social life. The choice of his disciples, such as Philip, Andrew, Peter and Nathanael, took place in an environment among friends (John 1:43-46). The first two chapters of Luke present a very human beginning of Christ, presenting friends, neighbors and relatives, such as Zechariah and Elizabeth. The “sons of Zebedee”, John and James (Matthew 26:37), were cousins ​​of Jesus; Zebedee was a fisherman from Galilee (Mark 1:19, 20) and the husband of Salome (Matthew 27:56; Mark 15:40), sister of Mary, mother of Jesus (John 19:25). Luke describes the physical and mental development of Jesus, who grew in stature and wisdom (Luke 2:40, 52). He interacted with people regardless of their social and spiritual condition, “tax collectors and sinners” (Matthew 9:10, 11), “Pharisees” and “the sinful woman” (Luke 7:37-39) and the Samaritan woman (John 4:9-15). 19

20. 20 Your wife Elizabeth will bear you a son, and you are to give him the name John. Luke 1:13 (BERBERTH, 2018)

21. 21

22. 3- Characteristics of a human being. Jesus was born of a woman, although He was conceived by the supernatural action of the Holy Ghost. His birth, however, was normal and common, like that of any baby (Luke 2:6-7). He suffered, cried and felt anguish (Hebrews 13:12; Luke 19:41; Matthew 26:37); He felt sleepy, hungry, thirsty and tired (Matthew 8:24; John 4:6; 19:28); Jesus died. The difference is that He did not remain dead like any other person, but was resurrected on the third day, experiencing the burning of death (1 Corinthians 15:3-4). Even as a man, He depended on prayer as well as on the Holy Ghost (Luke 4:1, 14; 5:16; 6:12). The Lord Jesus Christ, in His human experience, shared in our physical and emotional weakness, but not in our moral and spiritual weakness (John 8:46; Hebrews 4:15). 22

23. 23 A little while ago, it was Jesus God who spoke to Martha in truth. Now it is Jesus Man who speaks to Mary in humanity. (JUNIOR, 2019)

24. 24 “Jesus consoles Mary and Martha on His way to raise Lazarus from the dead” (DRAGOT; SURUGUE, 2024)

25. Our Lord lived both a social and religious life, thus confirming his human experience. SYNOPSIS I 25

26. 26 II – HERESIES THAT DENY THE HUMANITY OF JESUS

27. 27 II – HERESIES THAT DENY THE HUMANITY OF JESUS 1- Apollinarism. Apollinarism was the bishop of Laodicea, probably born in 310 AD and died in 392. Apollinarism is the doctrine that denies that the incarnate Jesus had a human spirit. Using Apollinarism’s theological language, the constitutive elements of the human being are soma, “flesh or body”; psychē , “animal soul”, the seat of desires, passions, appetites; and pneuma , “rational soul”. In relation to Jesus, he said that He had a human sōma and a human psychē , but not a human pneuma . According to Apollinarism, the Word (John 1.1, 14) would have taken the place of the soul in the incarnation, thus denying that Jesus had a human spirit.

28. 28 2- Reaction of the church. The full humanity of Jesus is clear in the New Testament, which speaks of the physical body of Christ (Luke 24:36-40; John 2:21; Hebrews 10:10) and also of the soul and spirit (Matthew 26:38; Luke 23:46). This humanity of Jesus is equal to ours (Hebrews 2:14,17 NLT). The difference is His impeccability. Thus, He is the true man (1 Timothy 2:5). Apollinarianism was declared heresy at the Council of Chalcedon in 451.

29. 29 3- Monothelitism . This is the Christological doctrine of Patriarch Sergius of Constantinople, who taught that there was only one will in Christ. The term comes from two Greek words, “ monos , one,” and thelēma , “will, desire.” It was an attempt to reconcile Monophysite theology with the Creed of Chalcedon, which reaffirmed the two intact, separate, and unmistakable natures in one person, in Jesus. The Third Council of Constantinople in 681 considered Monothelitism heresy. We recognize the wills of Christ (Mark 14:36). It is clear that Christ’s actions, such as walking, eating, drinking, and interacting with people, are purely human, but they are produced by human nature under divine direction. By forgiving sins, he was the manifestation of Christ’s will in the divine nature (Luke 5:20-22). Sophronius , Patriarch of Jerusalem, in 633, refuted Monothelitism by saying that there are two wills in Jesus, the human being submissive to the divine.

30. Apollinarianism and Monothelitism are two heresies that denied the humanity of Jesus. SYNOPSIS II 30

31. 31 III- HOW THESE HERESIES PRESENT THEMSELVES TODAY

32. 32 III- HOW THESE HERESIES PRESENT THEMSELVES TODAY 1- Which countries did Jesus visit when He was among us? We can say that Jesus visited three countries during His earthly life: Egypt (Matthew 2:14-15), Israel, the center of His activities, and Phoenicia, now Lebanon. However, there is no shortage of bizarre beliefs about the life of Jesus. Not only the New Age Movement, but several occult groups often teach that Jesus was in India, and Mormons declare that He was in the United States. The Bible, however, does not mention any of this and teaches us to reject fables (1 Timothy 4:7). The Gospels do not show Jesus as a stranger in His community, much less as an outsider (Matthew 13:55-57; John 7:15, 27, 41, 42).

33. 33 2- Jesus was seen as someone from the community. This invention of these esotericists contradicts the account in the Gospels (Luke 4:22-24), where the Lord Jesus is presented as someone who was a native of the community of his people, Israel, and not as a foreigner. His way of life and his teachings reflect Jewish culture, and there is nothing that resembles Hindu culture: “Is not this the carpenter, the son of Mary, and brother of James, and Joses , and of Judas, and Simon? And are not his sisters here with us? And they were offended at him” (Mark 6:2,3). Now, such an attitude of the people would not be justified if Jesus were a newcomer from India.

34. By emptying out the human experience of Jesus, many occult groups distort the life and work of Christ in the world. SYNOPSIS III 34

35. 35 CONCLUSION It is our commitment to follow Jesus’ example in our relationships with people. It is important that we never forget the essential points of this lesson about the true identity of the Lord Jesus. He is the true God in all His fullness, equal with the Father. And as a man, in all His fullness, He lived and walked among us human beings.

36. 1- Who were the main opponents of Jesus with whom He debated? The Pharisees, the Sadducees and the Herodians . 2- How do we know that the Lord Jesus had a social and religious life? He interacted with people regardless of their social and spiritual condition, “tax collectors and sinners” (Mt 9.10, 11), “Pharisees” and “the sinful woman” (Lk 7.37-39) and the Samaritan woman ( Jn 4.9-15). Reviewing the content 36

37. 3- What do the Apollinarian and Monothelite doctrines teach? Apollinarianism is the doctrine that denies that the incarnate Jesus had a human spirit. Monothelite is the Christological doctrine of Patriarch Sergius of Constantinople, who taught that there was only one will in Christ. 4- Which councils declared Apollinarianism and Monothelite heresies? At the Council of Chalcedon in 451 and the Third Council of Constantinople in 681, respectively. 37

38. 5- How do the Gospels present Jesus? The Gospels do not show Jesus as a stranger in his community, much less as an outsider (Mt 13.55-57; Jn 7.15, 27, 41, 42). 38

39. 39 References ANTHONY J. SALDARINI. Fariseus, escribas e saduceus na sociedade palestinense . São Paulo/SP: Editora Paulinas, 2005. BARRETO, João Pedro. Seitas do Judaísmo: Herodianos . Teologia Prática, 2020. Available at : https://teologiapraticacom.wordpress.com/2020/08/30/seitas-do-judaismo-herodianos/. Accessed on: February 8, 2025. BENSON, Ezra Taft . Jesus Cristo, Nosso Salvador e Redentor. Ensinamentos dos Presidentes, 2021. Available at : https://www.churchofjesuschrist.org/study/por/manual/teachings-of-presidents-of-the-church-ezra-taft-benson/chapter-6-jesus-christ-our-savior-and-redeemer. Accessed on: February 8, 2025. BERBERTH, Paulo. Zacarias e Isabel - Um casal abençoado. Personagens Bíblicos, 2018. Available at : http://www.pauloberberth.com.br/2018/06/zacarias-e-isabel-um-casal-abencoado.html. Accessed on: February 8, 2025.

40. 40 BETTONI , Amanda. Evangelho do Dia: Limpa antes o interior. Dominus Vobiscum , 2011. Available at : https://domvob.wordpress.com/2011/08/23/evangelho-do-dia-limpa-antes-o-interior/. Accessed on: February 8, 2025. BRASILINO, Gyordano M. Apolinarismo , heresia nossa de cada dia. Vinea Dei, 2017. Available at : https://vineadei.wordpress.com/2017/03/03/apolinarismo-heresia-nossa-de-cada-dia/. Accessed on: February 8, 2025. COMUNIDADE PORTA FIDEI; BENTO XVI. Apolinarismo . Comunidade Católica Porta Fidei , 2017. Available at : https://comunidadeportafidei.wordpress.com/tag/apolinarismo/. Accessed on: February 8, 2025. CPAD. EM DEFESA DA FÉ CRISTÃ: Combatendo as Antigas Heresias que se Apresentam com Nova Aparência. Rio de Janeiro: Casa Publicadora das Assembleias de Deu s (CPAD), 2024. (Lições Bíblicas Adultos 1° trimestre 2025 CPAD). DRAGOT, Nahal ; SURUGUE, Louis. Jesus realmente entende como me sinto? Vinde a Cristo, 2024. Available at : https://www.vindeacristo.org/crencas/jesus-cristo/jesus-entende-como-me-sinto. Accessed on: February 8, 2025.

41. 41 EDINBURGH SCRIPTURE. KJV Pew Bible . Nashville, TN: Thomas Nelson, 2017. EQUIPE REDAÇÃO BP . BIBLIOTECA DO PREGADOR, 2020. Available at : https://bibliotecadopregador.com.br/quem-eram-os-saduceus/. Accessed on: February 8, 2025. GONÇALVES, Ana Teresa Marques. Formas De Oposição Aos Imperadores Romanos Durante Os Governos Dos Severos . Jundiaí/SP: Paco Editorial, 2020. GORODOVITS, David. Tanah completo. São Paulo, SP: Sefer , 2018. JOSEFO, Flavio. História dos Hebreus. 5a ed. São Paulo/SP: CPAD, 2019. JUNIOR, Marcio. Jesus Chorou - A humanidade de Cristo . , 2019. Available at : https://marciojunior.com.br/2019/09/03/jesus-chorou/. Accessed on: February 8, 2025. KAPLAN, Aryeh (ORG.). Bíblia Antigo Testamento: A Torá Viva - Os cinco livros de Moisés e as Haftarot : uma tradução baseada em fontes judaicas tradicionais, com comentários, introdução, mapas, tabelas, gravuras, bibliografia e índice remissivo. 3a ed. São Paulo: Maayanot , 2000.

42. 42 KLAUS , Joseph. Estudo Sobre os Fariseus e Saduceus. São Paulo/SP: Klaus, 2020. LAÍSSE, Sara Jona . Servir: lavar as mãos, lavar os pés, lavar o coração. Sete Margens, 2021. Available at : https://setemargens.com/servir-lavar-as-maos-lavar-os-pes-lavar-o-coracao/. Accessed on: February 8, 2025. LEE , Hyun-Gyu ; STOKER, David. Gospel Art Book. Hillerød , Denmark : LDS Org , 2008. LENHARDT , Pierre; COLLIN, Matthieu . A Torá Oral dos Fariseus: Textos da Tradição da Israel. São Paulo/SP: Paulus Editora, 1997. MAIMÔNIDES, Moisés. Guia dos perplexos: obra completa. São Paulo: Sefer , 2017. MÁXIMO, Maiara ; CRUZ, Daniel; MENEGHEL, Blad . A última Ceia e o Lava Pés. Universal.org - Portal Oficial da Igreja Universal do Reino de Deus, 2019. Available at : https://www.universal.org/noticias/post/a-ultima-ceia-e-o-lava-pes/. Accessed on: February 8, 2025. NASCIMENTO, Varneci . Jesus: a experiência humana. São Paulo/SP: Areia Dourada, 2020.

43. 43 RIBEIRO, José Luiz Bernardes. Pintura na Basílica de Santa Maria del Mar em Barcelona | Paintings of Jesus Christ washing the feet of the apostles . , 2014. Available at : https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Painting_of_the_Foot_Washing_-_Santa_Maria_del_Mar_-_Barcelona_2014_(crop). JPG.image/jpeg RUBINSTEIN , Alejandro. De hasmoneos , macabeos y herodianos . , 2018. Available at : https://www.radiosefarad.com/de-hasmoneos-macabeos-y-herodianos/. Accessed on: February 8, 2025. SALDARINI, Anthony J.; VANDERKAM, Ames C. C. Pharisees , Scribes and Sadducees in Palestinian Society . Grand Rapids, Michigan, EUA: Wm . B. Eerdmans Publishing , 2001. SILVA, Leandro Francisco Da. Evangelho do Dia: Jesus lava os pés de seus discípulos ( Jo 13, 1-15). Oratório São Luiz - 120 Anos, 2017. Available at : https://oratoriosaoluiz.com.br/evangelho-do-dia-jesus-lava-os-pes-de-seus-discipulos/. Accessed on: February 8, 2025. SILVA, Orlando Nascimento. OS HERODIANOS: Eles não eram politicamente corretos. [ s.l .] : Independently published , 2021.

44. 44 SOCIEDADE BÍBLICA DO BRASIL (ORG.). Bíblia De Estudo Pentecostal - Almeida Revista e Corrigida . 6a ed. Rio de Janeiro, RJ: SBB, 2014. SOCIEDADE BÍBLICA DO BRASIL (org.). Bíblia De Estudo Plenitude Revista E Atualizada . Barueri, SP: SBB, 2005. STEPHAN, H. DE HERODIANI TECHNICI DIALECTOLOGIA: dissertatio inauguralis ( classic reprint ) . London: FORGOTTEN BOOKS, 2022. THOMAS NELSON PUBLISHERS. The Holy Bible authorized King James Version . Red-letter edition . ed. Nashville, Tennessee: Thomas Nelson Publishers , 2016. XIAO, Liu. Por que os fariseus resistiram fortemente ao Senhor Jesus? | BÍBLIA DE ESTUDO. BÍBLIA DE ESTUDO, 2018. Available at : https://www.bibliadeestudo.org/why-did-the-Pharisees.html. Accessed on: February 8, 2025.

45. LESSONS: Lesson 1 – When Heresies Threaten the Unity of the Church Lesson 2 – We Are Christians Lesson 3 – The Incarnation of the Word Lesson 4 – God Is Triune Lesson 5 – Jesus Is God Lesson 6 – The Son Is Equal with the Father Lesson 7 – The Human and Divine Natures of Jesus Lesson 8 – Jesus Lived the Human Experience Lesson 9 – Who Is the Holy Ghost Lesson 10 – Sin Corrupted Human Nature Lesson 11 – Salvation Is Not a Human Work Lesson 12 – The Church Is Organizational in Nature Lesson 13 – Persevering in Faith in Christ 45 SBS – Sunday Bible School Sunday Bible Lessons for Adults 1st Quarter 2025 CPAD Title of the Sunday Magazine: IN DEFENSE OF THE CHRISTIAN FAITH: Fighting the Ancient Heresies that Present Themselves with a New Appearance Commentator: Esequias Soares Class: Adults Slides: Celso Napoleon Renewed in Grace

46. Celso Napoleon 46 [email protected] Renewed in Grace https://www.facebook.com/renovadosnagraca