Lesson 9 – Who Is the Holy Ghost - Renewed in Grace.pptx

Lesson 9 – Who Is the Holy Ghost
SBS – Sunday Bible School
Sunday Bible Lessons for Adults 1st Quarter 2025 CPAD
Title of the Sunday Magazine: IN DEFENSE OF THE CHRISTIAN FAITH: Fighting the Ancient Heresies that Present Themselves with a New Appearance
Commentator: Esequias Soares
Class: Adults
Slides: Celso Napoleon
Renewed in Grace
March 2, 2025

1. Sunday Bible Lessons for Adults 1st Quarter 2025 CPAD Title of the Sunday Magazine: IN DEFENSE OF THE CHRISTIAN FAITH: Fighting the Ancient Heresies that Present Themselves with a New Appearance Commentator: Esequias Soares Class: Adults Slides: Celso Napoleon March 2, 2025 Lesson 9 Who Is the Holy Ghost?

2. “Now this Lord is the Spirit; and where the Spirit of the Lord is, there is freedom.” (2 Cor 3.17- NIV) GOLDEN TEXT 2

3. It is necessary to first know the true identity of the Holy Ghost, in light of the Bible, in order to then be able to defend it. PRACTICAL TRUTH 3

4. Monday – Ps 104.30 The Holy Ghost preserves and maintains all created things Tuesday – Mt 28.19 The Holy Ghost is equal to the Father and the Son Wednesday – 1 Cor 2.10 The Holy Ghost penetrates all things to the depths of God Thursday – 1 Cor 3.16 The Holy Ghost is God, this same Spirit lives in us Friday – Tt 3.5 The Holy Ghost regenerates the sinner Saturday – 2 Pe 1.21 The Holy Ghost spoke through the prophets and apostles DAILY READING 4

5. BIBLE READING IN CLASS 5

6. BIBLE READING IN CLASS John 14:16, 17, 26; 16:7-14 John 14 16- And I will pray the Father, and he will give you another Helper, that he may abide with you forever, 17 – the Spirit of truth, whom the world cannot receive, because it neither sees him nor knows him; but you know him, for he dwells with you and will be in you. 26- But the Helper, the Holy Ghost, whom the Father will send in my name, he will teach you all things, and bring to your remembrance all that I have said to you. 6

7. John 16 7 But I tell you the truth: It is to your advantage that I go away; for if I do not go away, the Helper will not come to you; but if I go, I will send him to you. 8 And when he is come, he will reprove the world of sin, and of righteousness, and of judgment: 9 ​​Of sin, because they do not believe in me; 10 Of righteousness, because I go to the Father, and you will see me no more; 11 And of judgment, because the prince of this world has been judged. 7

8. 12 I still have many things to say to you, but you cannot bear them now. 13 But when he, the Spirit of truth, comes, he will guide you into all the truth. For he will not speak on his own authority, but whatever he hears he will speak, and he will tell you the things that are yet to come. 14 He will glorify me, for he will take from what is mine and declare it to you. 8

9. INTRODUCTION The identity of the Holy Ghost is revealed in the Scriptures from the book of Genesis to the Apocalypse. It is a fact that the Church since the apostolic days recognized Him as God equal to the Father and the Son. This absolute deity of the Holy Ghost is revealed directly in His divine attributes and in His works and functions that belong to God. We all need to study and know this biblical truth, because since ancient times there have been heresies about the Third Person of the Trinity. This is what we will study in this lesson. 9

10. Keyword : Holy Ghost 10

11. 11 I- THE COMFORTER

12. I- THE COMFORTER 1- The other Comforter (14.16). Jesus told his disciples that he was returning to the Father, but that he would continue to care for the Church, through his Holy Ghost, his Paraclete , someone like him, who would have the same power to preserve his people. The word “another” in this passage is, in Greek, allos , and means “another”, of the same nature, same kind and same quality. If the Spirit were an active, impersonal force, according to the erroneous teaching of Jehovah’s Witnesses, the correct word for “another” would be heteros , which means: “other than the usual, different”. Vine’s Dictionary states: “The term allos expresses a numerical difference and denotes ‘another of the same kind’; the term heteros expresses a qualitative difference and denotes ‘another of a different kind’. Christ promised to send ‘another Comforter’ allos , ‘another like Himself’, not heteros (John 14.16)”. 12

13. 2- The Paraclete (16.7). The term refers to the Holy Ghost, but Portuguese dictionaries state that it refers to a person who defends and protects someone. The Greek term paraklētos comes from the preposition pará , “beside, close”, and the verb kaléō , “to call, to summon”, so that this word means “defender, advocate, intercessor, helper, aid”. Paraclete , then, is the Comforter. The Comforter is sent by the Father in the name of Jesus to teach the disciples and remind them of everything the Son taught and to testify of Him (John 15.26). 13

14. 3- Its use in the New Testament. The term “ paraclete ” appears only five times in the New Testament, in the Johannine writings, and four times in the Gospel, referring to the Holy Ghost (John 14:16, 26; 15:26; 16:7). In addition to Him, the name is applied to the Lord Jesus and translated as “Advocate” (1 John 2:1). 14

15. The Holy Ghost is our Comforter, our helper at all times in life. SYNOPSIS I 15

16. 16 II – HIS DEITY, ATTRIBUTES AND WORKS

17. 17 II – HIS DEITY, ATTRIBUTES AND WORKS 1- His deity. The divinity of the Holy Ghost is revealed in the Bible in such a way that the names God and Holy Ghost always appear alternately, both in the Old Testament and in the New. The Holy Ghost is Yahweh in the life of Samson: “the Spirit of the Lord came mightily upon him” (Judges 15:14); however, later on, we read that after being betrayed by Delilah, Samson “(…) did not know that the Lord had departed from him” (Judges 16:20). Thus, both the Spirit of Yahweh and Yahweh, that is, the Spirit of the Lord and the Lord, are divine names used interchangeably. It is clear in the Old Testament that the Holy Ghost is God Himself. This type of language in the Bible shows that He is Yahweh. Compare Exodus 17:7 with Hebrews 3:7-9; God of Israel (2 Sam 23:2,3). This form of presentation is frequent in the Bible (Acts 5:3, 4; 1 Cor 3:16; 2 Cor 3:16-18).

18. 18 2- His attributes. The divinity of the Holy Ghost is also revealed in the Bible in His divine attributes, as is the case with the Lord Jesus Christ. He is omnipotent (Rom 15:19), and the Holy Scriptures teach that the Spirit is the source of power and miracles (Matt 12:28; Acts 2:4; 1 Cor 12:9-11). Omnipresence is another incommunicable attribute of God present in the Third Person of the Trinity, which shows that He is omnipresent (Ps 139:7-10). He knows all things, even the depths of God (1 Cor 2:10,11); He knows the hearts of human beings ( Ezek 11:5; Acts 5:3-9; Rom 8:26,27) and is aware of the future (Luke 2:26; John 16:13; Acts 20:23), because He is omniscient. It has the attribute of eternity, as it is called the “eternal Spirit” ( Heb 9:14).

19. 20 3- His works. The works of God carried out by the Holy Ghost are countless. He begot Jesus Christ (Luke 1:35), gives eternal life (Gal. 6:8), guides His people (Ps. 143:10; Isa. 63:14; Rom. 8:14; Gal. 5:18), is the Lord of the Church (Acts 20:28) and sanctifier of the faithful (Rom. 15:16; 1 Pet. 1:2). The Spirit dwells in believers (John 14:17; Rom. 8:11; 1 Cor. 3:16), is the author of the New Birth (John 3:5,6; Titus 3:5), of life (Ezek. 37:14; Rom. 8:11-13) and the distributor of spiritual gifts (1 Cor. 12:7-11). These works are exclusive to God and are carried out by the Father, the Son and the Holy Ghost. These divine works show that the Holy Ghost is God equal to the Father.

20. The Bible reveals the deity of the Holy Ghost through his attributes and works. SYNOPSIS II 21

21. 22 III – OLD AND NEW HERESIES

22. 23 III – OLD AND NEW HERESIES 1- The first heresies. There was no consensus on the Holy Ghost in the East in the first decades after the Council of Nicaea. There were several interpretations. a) The Arians. Arius also considered the Holy Ghost to be a creature, although this topic was out of the discussion at the time, since the focus of the debates was on the Son. Eunomius , one of the most radical Arians, considered the Holy Ghost to be the noblest of the creatures produced by the Son at the request of the Father, saying that “the Son is the creator of the Spirit”.

23. 24 b) Tropicians . They were a sect from Egypt whose name comes from tropos , “figure”. Athanasius named them this way because of their figurative exegesis, they said that the Holy Ghost was an angel and a creature. c) Pneumatomacians . They appeared after the Tropicians . The term pneumatomachoi comes from pneuma , “spirit”, and machomai , “to speak evil, against”, they were the “opponents of the Spirit”. Eustathius of Sebaste (300-380) was the main defender of this heresy, the movement denied the divinity of the Holy Ghost.

24. 25 2- Heresies in the present day. The religious group of Jehovah’s Witnesses follows the old theological line of the Arians. Its leaders deny the divinity and personality of the Holy Ghost; in their literature, they write his name in lowercase letters. For example, the New World Translation (NWT) replaces “Spirit of God” with “active force of God” (Gen. 1:2) and uses the expression: “and they were all filled with holy ghost” (Acts 2:4). The Hebrew expression rûach ‘ ělōhîm , “spirit of god ,” appears 11 times in the Old Testament and only in this passage is it translated in the NWT as “active force of God.”

25. 26 3- The Holy Ghost in other religions. In some religions in the East, the notion of the Holy Ghost is confusing, but it is close to the ancient thought of these heresiarchs, “so that there is nothing new under the sun” (Eccl 1.9). a) A strange belief. The intellectuals of the Islamic religion, for example, cling to the words of the Quran attributed to Jesus: “I am the Messenger of Allah to you, to confirm the Torah that was before me, and to announce a Messenger who will come after me, whose name is Ahmad” (61.6). They interpret this Qur’anic passage as the fulfillment of the promise that Jesus made about the coming of the Comforter, the Paraclete .

26. 27 They confuse the Greek word periclytós , “renowned all around, illustrious,” with paraklētos (John 14:16, 26; 15:26; 16:7). Thus, they mistakenly conclude that Muhammad is the Comforter promised by Jesus. It is worth remembering that periclytós is not a biblical word; it does not appear anywhere in the Holy Bible, neither in the Greek New Testament nor in the Septuagint.

27. 28 b) Biblical answer. Jesus said that the Comforter is the Holy Ghost Himself (John 14:26). The Lord Jesus promised that He would “remain with you forever” (John 14:16). He is a being who does not die, but rather lives forever, for ever and ever. Jesus also said that the Comforter “dwells with you and will be in you” (John 14:17) and that “when the Comforter comes, whom I will send to you from the Father, the Spirit of truth, who proceeds from the Father, he will testify about Me” (John 15:26). Thus, the Holy Ghost testifies about Christ, our Lord.

28. The Arianists , Tropicians , and Pneumatomacians sought to weaken or subvert orthodox teaching concerning the Holy Ghost. SYNOPSIS III 29

29. 30 CONCLUSION We have seen that the deity and personality of the Holy Ghost are abundantly present throughout the Bible and have been the belief of the Church since the beginning, hence the relevance of defending this doctrine. The Comforter is sent by the Father, in the name of Jesus, to teach the disciples and remind them of everything the Son taught and to testify of Him. It is not possible for an active and impersonal force to be sent in the name of someone who has such attributes.

30. 1- To whom else is the name “ Paraclete ” applied in the Scriptures besides the Holy Ghost? In addition to Him, the name is applied to the Lord Jesus and translated as “Advocate” (1 John 2:1). 2- How is the divinity of the Holy Ghost revealed in the Bible? The divinity of the Holy Ghost is revealed in the Bible in such a way that the names God and Holy Ghost always appear alternately, both in the Old Testament and in the New. Reviewing the content 31

31. 3- What were the main groups in ancient times that denied the divinity of the Holy Ghost? The Arians, Tropicians and Pneumatomacians . 4- Who follows the theological line of the Arians today? Jehovah's Witnesses. 32

32. 5- What biblical answer can we give regarding the strange belief about the Holy Ghost? Jesus said that the Comforter is the Holy Ghost Himself (John 14:26). The Lord Jesus’ promise is “that He may abide with you forever” (John 14:16). He is a being who does not die, but rather lives forever. 33

33. 34 References CDN BRITANNICA. First Council of NicaeaCouncil of Nicaea in 325, depicted in a Byzantine fresco in the basilica of St. Nicholas in Demre , Turkey . , 1994. Available at : https://cdn.britannica.com/29/194329-050-055802D8/Council-of-Nicaea-fresco-Basilica-Demre-Turkey.jpg. CHARLES TAZE RUSSELL. Tradução do Novo Mundo das Escrituras Sagradas . 2a ed. Cesário Lange, São Paulo: Sociedade Torre de Vigia de Bíblias e Tratados, 1986. CPAD. EM DEFESA DA FÉ CRISTÃ: Combatendo as Antigas Heresias que se Apresentam com Nova Aparência. Rio de Janeiro: Casa Publicadora das Assembleias de Deus (CPAD), 2024. (Lições Bíblicas Adultos 1° trimestre 2025 CPAD).

34. 35 EDINBURGH SCRIPTURE. KJV Pew Bible . Nashville, TN: Thomas Nelson, 2017. FONTE EDITORIAL (ORG.). Alcorão Sagrado. São Paulo, SP: FONTE EDITORIAL, 2023. GORODOVITS, David. Tanah completo. São Paulo, SP: Sefer , 2018. KAPLAN, Aryeh (ORG.). Bíblia Antigo Testamento: A Torá Viva - Os cinco livros de Moisés e as Haftarot : uma tradução baseada em fontes judaicas tradicionais, com comentários, introdução, mapas, tabelas, gravuras, bibliografia e índice remissivo. 3a ed. São Paulo: Maayanot , 2000. LEE, Hyun-Gyu ; STOKER, David. Gospel Art Book. Hillerød , Denmark : LDS Org , 2008 .

35. 36 LOOFS, FRIEDRICH. EUSTATHIUS VON SEBASTE UND DIE CHRONOLOGIE DER BASILIUS-BRIEFE: eine patristische studie ... ( classic reprint ) . [ S.l .]: FORGOTTEN BOOKS, 2018. MAIMÔNIDES, Moisés. Guia dos perplexos: obra completa. São Paulo: Sefer , 2017. SOCIEDADE BÍBLICA DO BRASIL (ORG.). Bíblia De Estudo Pentecostal - Almeida Revista e Corrigida. 6a ed. Rio de Janeiro, RJ: SBB, 2014. SOCIEDADE BÍBLICA DO BRASIL (org.). Bíblia De Estudo Plenitude Revista E Atualizada. Barueri, SP: SBB, 2005. THOMAS NELSON PUBLISHERS. The Holy Bible King James Version . Red-letter edition . ed. Nashville, Tennessee: Thomas Nelson Publishers , 2016.

36. LESSONS: Lesson 1 – When Heresies Threaten the Unity of the Church Lesson 2 – We Are Christians Lesson 3 – The Incarnation of the Word Lesson 4 – God Is Triune Lesson 5 – Jesus Is God Lesson 6 – The Son Is Equal with the Father Lesson 7 – The Human and Divine Natures of Jesus Lesson 8 – Jesus Lived the Human Experience Lesson 9 – Who Is the Holy Ghost Lesson 10 – Sin Corrupted Human Nature Lesson 11 – Salvation Is Not a Human Work Lesson 12 – The Church Is Organizational in Nature Lesson 13 – Persevering in Faith in Christ 37 SBS – Sunday Bible School Sunday Bible Lessons for Adults 1st Quarter 2025 CPAD Title of the Sunday Magazine: IN DEFENSE OF THE CHRISTIAN FAITH: Fighting the Ancient Heresies that Present Themselves with a New Appearance Commentator: Esequias Soares Class: Adults Slides: Celso Napoleon Renewed in Grace

37. Celso Napoleon 38 [email protected] Renewed in Grace https://www.facebook.com/renovadosnagraca