Lesson - Questionnaire in Research Study.pptx

Additional Notes

1. Inquiry, Investigation, and Immersion

2. Lesson Objectives: At the end of the lesson, the learners will attain the following: define a questionnaire and its purpose in research; identify different types of questionnaire questions; and f ormulate clear, concise, and unbiased questions for a research project .

3. QUESTIONNAIRE It is one of the most popular methods of conducting research. They provide a convenient way to gathering information from a target population. They are cost-effective and easy to construct and analyze. It i s a planned self-reported form designed to elicit information though written or verbal responses of the subjects.

4. In the words, a questionnaire is a research instrument used for data collection. It is a set of questions that may or may not provide with response alternatives which are to be answered by subject. A questionnaire is a structured instrument consisting of a series of data prepared by researcher that a research subject is asked to complete,to gather data from individuals about knowledge,attitude,beliefs and feelings.

5. TYPES OF QUESTIONS

6. Open- F ormat / Open E nded Q uestions Open ended questions are those questions which provide opportunity to the respondents to express their opinions and answers in their own way. Open –format questions have followings characteristics: There is no predetermined set of responses. They provide true, insightful and unexpected suggestions.

7. An ideal questionnaire contains open-ended questions towards the end of all the questions that would ask respondents about the suggestions for changes or improvements. Ex: What is your opinion about the quality of health care services in Philippines ?

8. Closed- F ormat Q uestions These questions offer respondents a number of alternative replies, from which the subjects must choose the one that most likely matches the appropriate answer. Closed-format questions have following characteristics: They facilitate easy statistical calculation of data. Provide easy preliminary analysis Can be asked to different groups at different intervals. Facilitate efficient tracking of opinion.

9. Closed-format questions could be of the following subtypes Dichotomous Q uestions Multiple- C hoice Q uestions 3. Contingency Q uestions 4. Rating Q uestions 5. Importance Q uestions Likert Q uestions

10. Dichotomous Q uestions These requires the respondent to make a choice between two responses such as yes/no or male/female. Ex: Q) Have you ever been hospitalized? Yes No

11. Multiple- C hoice Q uestions These questions require respondents to make a choice between more than two response alternatives. Ex: Q)Which of the following disease is sexually transmitted ? a. DM b. Hypothyrodism c. Syphilis d. HTN

12. Contingency Q uestions A question that is asked further only if the respondents gives a particular response to previous question. Ex: Q) Are you stressed? No Yes, if yes what are the reasons?......... Q) Do you use databases available through iGems? (If no, please move to question 15) Q) Have you participated in DIS orientation? (Yes/No) If yes, how effective was this briefing? (Very effective, effective, ineffective …)

13. Rating Q uestions These questions ask respondents to judge something along an ordered dimension. Respondent is asked to rate a particular issue on a scale that ranges from Poor to Good. They may provide a number of choices. Ex: Q) How you rank the education quality in India? 1 2 3 4 Good Fair Poor Very Poor

14. Importance Q uestions In this, respondents are asked to rate the importance of a particular issue, on a rating scale of 1-5. This helps to know that the things/issues that are important to a respondent. Ex: Q) Exercising every day is ……..for the health. 1 2 3 4 5 Extremely important Very important Some what important Not very important Not at all important

15. Likert Q uestions Likert questions help to know how strongly the respondent agrees with a particular statement. These questions help to assess how respondent feels towards a certain issue/ services. Ex: Q) This community a good place to raise children? 1 2 3 4 5 Strongly A gree Agree Uncertain Disagree Strongly D isagree

16. Guidelines for designing a good questionnaire The questionnaire must be developed exactly in accordance with study objectives . The questionnaire should be begin with the instructions for the respondents to provide the responses. The drafting of the questionnaire should be concise, precise and brief, because the lengthy questionnaires may lead to boredom among respond e nts .

17. The language of the questionnaire should be according to the respondents knowledge about a particular knowledge. Questions outside the respondents experience should not be asked. In asking questions about past events, too much reliance should not be placed on the respondents memory. Questions which are likely to lead to bias in the respondents should be avoided. Questions should be very clear and simple. Avoid professional jargons.

18. As for as possible, open ended questions should be avoided. Controversial and ambiguous questions should be avoided.

19. Sequence of the Q uestions There should be logical sequence of the questions in the questionnaire. Researcher must ensure that the answer to question is not influenced by previous question. Questions should flow from more general to more specific. Questions should be flow from least to most sensitive. Sandwich theory states that a questionnaire should generally start with demographic profile of subjects, followed by specific questions according to the objectives of the study.

20. Questions researcher must consider before developing a questionnaire The sample Who are you going to ask? The method How are you going to ask them? The questionnaire What are you going to ask them? The result What will you do with information? The cost How much do you want to pay for answer? The time scale By when do you need information?

21. Avoid negative and double negative questions Use a positive statements Do not make assumptions about respondent. Use clear and comprehensible wording. Use correct spelling, grammar and punctuation .

22. Thank you for listening ♡