Leucocytosis.pptx

leucocytosis ppt

1. Peripheral Smear Preparation And Leucocytosis

2. Lymphocytosis

3. Lymphocytosis  is an increase in the number or proportion of lymphocytes in the blood. It could be absolute or relative lymphocytosis . Absolute lymphocytosis is the condition where there is an increase in the lymphocyte count beyond the normal range while relative lymphocytosis refers to the condition where the proportion of lymphocytes relative to white blood cell count is above the normal range.

4. Causes of absolute lymphocytosis include : .Acute viral infections, such as infectious mononucleosis (glandular fever), hepatitis and Cytomegalovirus infection .Other acute infections such as  pertussis .Some  protozoal infections, such as toxoplasmosis and American trypanosomiasis ( Chagas disease) .Chronic intracellular bacterial infections such as tuberculosis or brucellosis .Chronic lymphocytic leukemia .Acute lymphoblastic leukemia .Lymphoma .Post- splenectomy  state

5. Causes of relative lymphocytosis include: Age less than 2 years; Acute viral infections; Connective tissue diseases Thyrotoxicosis Addison's disease Splenomegaly with splenic sequestration of granulocytes.

6. Eosinophilia

7. Definition; eosinophilia is the rise in the eosinophil count in peripheral blood above the normal absolute count(440/ cumm ). Morphology of eosinophil 10-15 um in diameter/ bilobed spectacle shaped nuclease/ cytoplasm contain large coarse red granules. Normal values Absolute count; 40-440 cell/ cumm . Differential count;1-6 percent.

8. Cause of eosinophilia pathological parasite infection ; eosinophilia is induced due to allergic reaction to parasite like hookworm, roundworm, tapeworm, hydatid disease, filariasis . In all of these cases eosinophilia is observed in the range of 20-30percent, in some case it may go up to 60percent. Allergic reaction ; like bronchial asthma, angioneurotic edema, hay fever, henoch schonlein purpura , serum sickness. drug like chlorpromazine, penicillin, and streptomycin. skin disease ; dermatitis herpatiformis , psoriasis, pemphigus , eczema, scabies, and exfoliative dermatitis. infection ; in acute infection in early stages count decrease followed by increase eg scarlet fever.

9. pulmonary condition ; tropical eosinophilia , loeffler syndrom . Malignant condition ; chronic myeloid leukemia, eosinophilic leukemia, hodgkins disease.(in 10 percent case only). familial eosinophilia ; hereditary autosomal dominant condition in which eosinophilia is observed. miscellaneous condition ; polyarthritis nodosa , systemic lupus erythematosis (SLE), eosinophilic granuloma , ulcerative colitis, addison disease.

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