LEUKEMIA

A blood disease....

1. Leukemia
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2. Leukemia
•A disease in which the bone marrow and other blood-
forming organs produce increased numbers of immature
or abnormal leukocytes.
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3. Leukemia
•A group of malignant disorders affecting the blood and
blood-forming tissues of
•Bone marrow
•Lymph system
•Spleen
•Occurs in all age groups
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4. Etiology and Pathophysiology
1.No single causative agent
2.Most from a combination of factors
•Genetic
•environmental influences

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5. Etiology and Pathophysiology
3.Associated with the development of leukemia
•Chemical agents(benzene)
•Viruses(T-lymphotropic virus)
•Radiation
•Immunologic deficiencies

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6. Symptoms
Some general symptoms of leukemia include:
•Fever, chills
•Fatigue, weakness
•Loss of appetite, weight loss
•Night sweats
•Bone/joint pain
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7. •Abdominal discomfort
•Headaches
•Shortness of breath
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8. Other symptoms of leukemia
Anemia: A low red blood cell count. Red blood cells carry
oxygen around the body. This condition may contribute to
weakness, fatigue or shortness of breath.
Leukopenia: A low white blood cell count. A decrease in the
production of functional leukocytes (white blood cells)
weakens the body's immune defense.
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9. •Thrombocytopenia: A low
blood platelet count. A
shortage of bloods platelets
may lead to bleeding.
•Swollen lymph nodes: In
some cases, the signs of
leukemia may include
noticeable swelling of the
neck, armpit or groin.
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10. •Enlarged liver or
spleen: The build-up
of abnormal blood
cells in the liver or
spleen may cause a
feeling of fullness
(loss of appetite) or
swelling in the upper
left side of the
abdomen.
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11. Risk factors
• Age
•Ethnicity/Gender
•Inherited Syndromes (such as Down Syndrome)
•Ionizing Radiation
•Infection by certain viruses
•Cigarette smoking
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12. Age
The risk of developing most types of leukemia the most
common age groups for developing leukemia is between
both the ages of 3-7.
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13. Gender
Leukemia also occurs more frequently in males than
females.
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14. Inherited syndromes
Children with Down syndrome (DS) have a roughly 20-fold
increased risk of developing childhood leukemia compared to
children without DS.
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15. Ionizing Radiation
Repeated exposure to radiation rays like X-ray increases the
risk of leukaemia . Because it disturb normal cell formation
from stem cell in bone marrow and other cell forming
organs.
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16. Viruses
Infection with Human T-cell Lymphotropic Virus-1 (HTLV-I)
cause the development of Adult T-cell Leukemia/Lymphoma,
a cancer of activated mature T lymphocytes.
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17. CIGARETTE SMOKING
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18. Classification Of LeukemiClassification Of Leukemiaa
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19. General Classification
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1.Acute leukemia
2.Chronic leukemia

20. ACUTE LEUKEMIA
The leukemia cells can’t do any of work of normal white
blood cells . The number of leukemia cells increases
rapidly.Acute leukemia worsen quickly.
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21. Chronic leukemia 
Early in disease leukemia cells can still do some of the work
of normal white blood cells . People may not have any
symptoms at first. Slowly , chronic leukemia get worsen .
And will start to appear with passage of time.
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22. TYPES
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1.Acute lymphocytic leukemia
2.Chronic lymphocytic leukemia
3.Acute myeloid leukemia
4.Chronic myeloid leukemia

23. Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML)
Leukemia characterized by
proliferation of myeloid tissue (as
of the bone marrow and spleen)
and an abnormal increase in the
number of myeloblasts in the
circulating blood.
It occurs in both adults and
children.
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24. Symptoms of AML:
•Fatigue
•Shortness of breath
•Bleeding
•Increased risk of infection.
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25. Acute Lymphocytic Leukemia
Acute lymphocytic
leukemia (ALL), is the cancer of
the white blood cells,
characterized by the
overproduction and
accumulation of cancerous,
immature white blood cells,
known as lymphoblast.
It is most common in young
children.
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26. Symptoms of ALL
•Fever
•Shortness of breath
•Chest pain
•Cough
•Vomiting
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27. Chronic Myeloid Leukemia
•Chronic
myelogenous leukemia (CML)
is a cancer of the white blood
cells.
• It is a form
of leukemia characterized by
the increased and
unregulated growth of
predominantly myeloid cells
in the bone marrow and the
accumulation of these cells in
the blood.
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28. Chronic Myeloid Leukemia
CML is a bone marrow stem cell disorder in which a proliferation
of mature granulocytes (neutrophils, eosinophils and basophils)
and their precursors is found.
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29. Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia
•Production and
accumulation of functionally
inactive but long-lived,
mature-appearing
lymphocytes
•B cell involvement
•Lymph node enlargement is
noticeable throughout the
body
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30. Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia
Chronic lymphoid leukemia (CLL), is the most common type
of leukemia (a type of cancer of the white blood cells) in
adults.
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31. Symptoms of CLL:
•Swollen lymph nodes in your neck, armpits, stomach, or
groin.
•Shortness of breath.
•Pain or fullness in your stomach
•Night sweats.
•Fever and infections.
•Loss of appetite and weight
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32. Diagnosis
•Physical test
•Blood test
•Bone marrow test
•Chest X-ray to see swollen LN.
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33. 1.Physical test: The doctor will look for swollen lymph nodes
and check to see if your spleen or liver is enlarged.
2.Blood test: complete blood count
•Increased WBCs.
•Decreased Hb.
•Decreased platelets.
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34. Bone marrow test:
performed by two types
1-biopsy of bone marrow from large bones.
2-bone marrow aspiration through hollow thick needle to
remove the fluid from bone marrow.
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35. Treatment
• Acute leukemia need quick treatment to stop the rapid
growth of leukemia cells.
•Chronic lymphocytic leukemia may not need to be treated
until symptoms appear.
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36. •Chemotherapy. This is the main treatment for most types of
leukemia
•Radiation
•Stem cell transplant. Stem cells can rebuild supply of normal
blood cells and boosts immune system.
•Targeted therapy: Use of specific medicine to stop cancer cell
multiplication.
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37. Herbal treatment
GARLC
Garlic has allicin as a chemical compound that has property
of fighting against cancer causing cell. This chemical destroy
cancer cells by entering into blood stream.
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38. OLIVE OIL EXTRACT
•It boosts up the immune system .the chemical compound
that is present in olive is effective in treating leukemia
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39. LICORICE ROOT
This is used to kill cancerous cells and reducing the rate of
replication
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40. ALOE VERA
It is an excellent blood purifier
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41. RASPBERRY
Ellagic is the type of acid that is present in it which prevents
the growth of abnormal cells which are responsible for
cancer.
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42. CURCUMIN
It is the constituent of turmeric.it has anti-cancerous
property that kill all type of cancer causing cells.
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43. THINGS END BUT MEMORIES LAST FOREVER
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