Lfa problem tree analysis

1. Problem Tree Analysis
Logical Frame Work

2. Logical Framework Analysis helps to
Improve the project’s  understanding  of the needs of those affected by 
a problem
Reveal how little we know  as outsiders, which 
encourages those who do know to participate
Identify 
potential 
winners and losers as a result of the 
Identify 
potential 
winners and losers as a result of the 
project Reduce, or hopefully remove, 
potential 
negative
project 
impacts

3. Logical Framework Analysis helps to
Identify those who have the 
rights
, 
interests
, 
resources, skills 
& 
abilities 
to take part 
Influence the course of the project Identify who should be encouraged to take part in the  project planning 
and 
implementation
project planning 
and 
implementation
Identify and reduce
risks
which might involve identifying
possible conflicts of
interest interest interest interestand expectation expectation expectation expectation.

4. What is a problem? What is a problem? What is a problem? What is a problem?
An undesired situation The difference between what exists and 
what should be what should be
The difference between 
reality and
expectation

5. Problems are
Varying in terms of 
level  (local, regional, national, global, etc)
Multifaceted Multifaceted
Different to  different people

6. Activities
Outputs
Outcomes
Logical Framework Model
Courtesy:W.G. Kellogg Foundation

7. Example of a Logical Frame
Inadequate 
Baby feeding
High level of  baby 
deaths
Infectious diseases
Inadequate  vaccination
Epidemic 
diseases
No clean 
drinking water
Limited access 
to health 
Ignorance of 
mothers on 
nutrition
vaccination
drinking water
Inadequate 
infrastructure
Inadequate 
health clinics
services
No purification 
system in the tire 
factory
Faulty sewage 
system
Low income 
level
Unemployment
Low level 
education

8. Problem  Tree  Problem  Tree  Problem  Tree  Problem  Tree 
Analysis Analysis Analysis Analysis
Analyzing the cause/effect relationships between pr oblems
Key   Key   Key   Key  
EFFECTS EFFECTS EFFECTS EFFECTS
CAUSES CAUSES CAUSES CAUSES
Key   Key   Key   Key  
PROBLEMS PROBLEMS PROBLEMS PROBLEMS

9. Problem tree analysis should be… Problem tree analysis should be… Problem tree analysis should be… Problem tree analysis should be…
A learning process  An opportunity for different views  and interests  to be 
presented and discussed
Undertaken as a group activity  involving people who can  contribute relevant 
technical 
and 
local 
knowledge
contribute relevant 
technical 
and 
local 
knowledge
Simple
and practical –if it 
becomes too complicated, its usefulness in 
the rest of the design process is limited.

10. DON’Ts  DON’Ts  DON’Ts  DON’Ts in Problem Tree Analysis
Don’t assume knowledge of problems  Don’t assume
knowledge
of causal relationships
Don’t 
manipulate
; facilitate the identification of 
Don’t 
manipulate
; facilitate the identification of 
the KEY problems.

11. Problem Tree Analysis steps Problem Tree Analysis steps Problem Tree Analysis steps Problem Tree Analysis steps
Determine the scope of the analysis Identify people/stakeholders List the problems Identify the CORE problem Identify CAUSES and EFFECTS Arrange the 
causes 
at the ROOTS of the tree
Arrange the 
causes 
at the ROOTS of the tree
Arrange the 
effects 
on the 
BRANCHES
V{xv~ à{x ÄÉz|v tá à{x ÑÜÉuÄxÅ àÜxx |á vÉÇáàÜâvàxw

12. Example of a Problem Tree
low agricultural output

13. Objective Analysis Objective Analysis Objective Analysis Objective Analysis
An Objective Tree is similar 
to a problem tree, except 
that it looks at 
objectives
rather than  rather than 
problems.

14. Problem Problem
Objective
High rate of  High rate of 
child deaths child deaths
of child deaths of child deaths To reduce the rate  To reduce the rate 
of child deaths of child deaths
Negative to Positive
High rate of  High rate of 
infectious diseased infectious diseased
To reduce the rate of To reduce the rate of
infectious diseases infectious diseases

15. Issues to consider are Issues to consider are Issues to consider are Issues to consider are Benefits to primary stakeholders Likelihood  of achieving the objectives Whether the problem is already being addressed CostCost Risks Sustainability Environmental impact

16. lÉâÜ eÉÄx 
Think
Talk and Discuss
Act on what you hear
Be burdened
If you can’t, at least TRY If you can’t, at least TRY If you can’t, at least TRY If you can’t, at least TRY If you can’t, at least TRY If you can’t, at least TRY If you can’t, at least TRY If you can’t, at least TRY
to make a                                       to make a                                       to make a                                       to make a                                      
difference!! difference!! difference!! difference!!

17. “
Our death is not  not not  not an 
endendendend, if we can live on in 
our 
children
.
For they are us, our 
bodies are only wilted  bodies are only wilted 
leaves on the 
tree of life tree of life tree of life tree of life.”
TÄuxÜà X|Çáàx|Ç