Liberation movement of goa

History of Goa after the Portuguese era.

1. LIBERATION MOVEMENT OF GOA

2. Vasco Da Gama set foot on the soil of Goa on 7 th July 1497. F rom this day, the Portuguese slowly conquered Goa to make it an integral part of the Portuguese empire. In 1510, Alphonso de Alburquerque captured most of the parts of Goa. During their inglorious rule of 500 years, the Portuguese rulers made attempts to make Goans to forget their culture & traditions. They bought complete economic ruination for Goa. They robbed & exploited the Goan people & forced upon them the dictorial rule against which the Goans were bound to Revolt. History

3. The Liberation Movement of Goa The  Goa liberation movement  was a movement which sought to end Portuguese Colonial rule in Goa, India. The movement built on the small scale revolts & uprisings of the 19th century, grew powerful during the period 1940-1961. The movement was conducted both inside and outside Goa & was characterised by a range of tactics including  nonvoilent  demonstrations, revolutionary  methods and Diplomatic efforts. However, Portuguese control of its Indian colonies ended only when India invaded Goa in 1961 & incorporated the territories into the Indian Union. INTRODUCTION

4. The Goa Congress Committee (1946 ) The Goa Congress Committee in 1946, in tune with the call of Quit India movement in the rest of the country, asked the Portuguese to leave the shores of Goa, Daman & Diu. Thus started the fight to free Goa from the rule of the Portuguese.

5. Start of the Liberation Movement On 18 th June 1946, Dr. Ram Manohar Lohia along with his aides gave green signal for the Liberation of Goa from the clutches of Portuguese rulers. This movement was started from Madgoan . Several satyagrahis laid their lives & thousands went to prison for their participation in the movement.

6. The story of the STRUGGLE – Contributions by the Government of India Pandit Jawaharlal Nehru, the then Prime Minister of India, fell prey to the false propaganda of the Portuguese that the Goan culture was different from the Indian culture. He no doubt, wanted to strongly free Goa from the Portuguese rule. He wanted a leader from within the Goa to lead the movement. But Peter Alvares , a Goan staying in Bombay, as the leader of Goa freedom struggle.

7. Shaping of the Liberation Movement With the support from UN, encouraged Nehru who started believing that Portuguese rule in Goa would not last long. The All India Trade Union was equally vocal in expressing its concern over delay in resolving the Goa issue & demanded its early liberation & return to the motherland.

8. Measures taken by the Government of India As a part of “its policy or liberisation ” decided to relax the ban on trade with Goa, Daman & Diu from 1 April 1961. According to the new policy for the Portuguese in India, the limited trade would involve the import of Betul nuts from Goa & the export from India of those items such as drugs, medicines,textiles , books, etc that were the need of the Goans .

9. Measures taken by the Portuguese Government Despite the pressures from various groups, Portugal went ahead with its aim to tighten the grip of its colonies. A group of Volunteers in each territory with a view to “cooperating in the maintenance of order & the defence of the integrity & national sovereignty” of the territory concerned. Lisbon set up civil organisations in each overseas territory.

10. Revolutionary groups Azad Gomantak Dal -  Vowed to fight the Portuguese using direct action strategies.  The Goa Liberation Army- Attempted to utilize revolutionary tactics and direct action strategies to challenge Portuguese colonialism.

11. Mass Satyagraha

12. Mass Satyagraha The Goa Liberation Movement was restarted during 1954-1955. The 1 st batch of Satyagrahis sent by Goa Vimochan Sahayak Samiti entered Goa on 18 th May 1955. The batch of 68 Satyagrahis was led by N. G. Gore. The 2 nd batch was led by Shirabau Limaye . Batches after Batches were deployed by the Samiti .

13. After repititive attempts & the satyagrahis getting beaten by the Portuguese, Acharya Kripalani discussed the issue with the leaders of the Samiti . He analysed the issue in the Parliament saying that there are two ways to deal with the situation, one was to use arms & the second was to undertake Non- Voilent Satyagraha.

14. It was thereafter, the Samiti decided to arrange Mass Satyagraha on 15 th August 1955. 3,150 Satyagrahis were enrolled. Batches were formed to enter Goa from all sides. No batch contained more than 200 to 500 Satyagrahis . The Satyagrahis were deployed by trucks upto Goa borders( i.e Banda). The leaders of the Samiti went to Delhi to hold talks with G. B. Pant, who suggested to put an end to the ongoing Satyagrah . He said that the Government of India was not in favour of mass or individual satyagrah & consequently the Satyagrah slowly fizzled out.

15. Annexation of Goa - After failure of diplomacy with the Portuguese, nearly after six years , the Government of India made up its mind to initiate Military action against the Portuguese rule in Goa. The Indian Army thus, entered Goa in 17 th December 1961. Aftermath of the Mass Satyagraha The Liberation cheer-

16. In the military operation conducted on 18 th & 19 th December 1961, Indian troops capture Goa On 19 th December 1961, The Governor General of Portuguese India signed an instrument of surrender. Thus, Goa was liberated from the Portuguese rule. Hence every year 19 th December is Celebrated as Goa Liberation Day.

17. A stamp released to celebrate Golden Jubilee of Goa’s Liberation---

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