Library Classifiction- Schemes-DDC-UDC-CC.ppt

Library Classicfication schemes are very much essential, to library professionals.

1. Dr. BRAOU Online Classes For BLISc:
Unit-6:
DDC-CC and UDC
By
Dr.M.ANJAIAH, Associate Professor. (Retd.)
Dept. of Library and Information Science
Dravidian University-Kuppam, A.P.
&
Library Science Counselor, Dr,BRAOU,
Study Center:
University Arts & Science College, Warangal.
Email: [email protected]
Mobile No.: 9908694950
Date: 30
th
May,2024
5/30/2024 1

2. •Today`slecturewillbeabouttheworld
renownedLibraryClassificationSchemes.They
are:
•DeweyDecimalSchemes-DDC(1876)
•UniversalDecimalSchemes-UDC(1895)
•ColonClassification–CC(1933)

3. INTRODUCTION
TheDeweyDecimalClassification(DDC)
systemisageneralknowledgeorganization
toolthatiscontinuouslyrevisedtokeep
pacewithknowledge.
ThesystemwasconceivedbyMelvilDewey
in1873andfirstpublishedin1876.
DDCispublishedbyOCLCOnlineComputer
LibraryCenter,Inc.OCLCownsallcopyright
rightsintheDeweyDecimalClassification,
andlicensesthesystemforavarietyof
uses.

4. •UniversalDecimalClassificationisgenerally
consideredasthefirstfacetedschemeof
classificationtobedeveloped.
•Itisaschemeforclassifyinginformationonall
subjectsandinallforms.
•ColonClassificationisthebestexampleof
Analytico-SyntheticClassificationscheme.
•S.R.Ranganathanhasdesignedit,tomeetthe
challengesofevergrowingknowledgeandto
makeitpossibletoclassifyalltypesof
documents.

5. 1. The Dewey Decimal Classification (DDC)
•MelvilLouisKossuthDeweyisthefullnameof
thedesigneroftheclassificationschemewhichis
popularlyknownasDeweyDecimal
Classification.
•HewasborninAdamsCentre,NewYorkon10th
December.1851.
•TheDDCisthemostwidelyusedclassification
systemintheworld.
•Librariesinmorethan140countriesand2,00,000;use
theDDC-toorganizeandprovideaccesstotheir
collections.

6. DDC: Structureand Notation
•TheDDCisbuiltonsoundprinciplesthatmakeit
idealasageneralknowledgeorganizationtool:
•meaningfulnotationinuniversallyrecognized
Arabicnumerals,well-definedcategories,
•well-developedhierarchies,andarichnetwork
ofrelationshipsamongtopics.
•IntheDDC,basicclassesareorganizedby
disciplinesorfieldsofstudy.

7. •Atthebroadestlevel,theDDCisdividedinto
tenmainclasses,whichtogethercoverthe
entireworldofknowledge.
•Eachmainclassisfurtherdividedintoten
divisions,andeachdivisionintotensections
(notallthenumbersforthedivisionsand
sectionshavebeenused).
•ThemainstructureoftheDDCispresentedin
THREESummariesfollowingthisintroduction.
•We will discuss in slide no.8.

8. •IntheDDC,basicclassesareorganizedby
disciplinesorfieldsofstudy.
•TheDDCisdividedintoTenMainClasses,
whichtogethercovertheentireWorldof
Knowledge.
•EachMainClassisfurtherdividedintoTen
Divisions,and:
•EachDivisionIntoTenSections.

9. DEWEY DECIMAL CLASSIFICATION -2011
(DDC 23 EDITION-4 Volumes)

10. SALIENT FEATURES OF DDC 23

11. •DecimalClassificationisanalmost
enumerativeschemeofclassification.
•DChasbeentranslatedintomanylanguages,
suchasChinese,Spanish,Danish,Turkish,
Japanese,Hindi,Portuguese,Sinhalese,etc.,
•Deweyintroducedtheideaofusingnotation
forthesubjectinhisschemeandapplyingthe
notationtothebook.

12. •The 23rd edition of DDCis published IN FOUR
VOLUMES.
Volume 1 –Introduction, Manual, Tables
Volume 2 –Schedules of classes 000 –599
Volume 3 –Schedules of classes 600 –999
Volume 4 –Relative index

13. VOLUME-1
•ThefirstvolumecontainscontainsA–G
Sectionscoveringforeword,
•NewfeaturesinEdition23,
•Introduction,Manual,Glossary,SixAuxiliary
Tables,Relocationsanddiscontinuations.
•Theintroductiondescribesthestructureof
thesystem.
•Italsoprovidesfullinstructionastohowto
usethesystemandguidancetodeterminethe
specificsubjectofadocument.

14. Auxiliary Tables: (6)
Table-1:StandardSubdivisions-SS
Table-2:GeographicAreas,HistoricalPeriods,Biography-AREAS
Table-3.SubdivisionsfortheArts,forIndividualLiteratures,
forSpecificLiteraryForms
Table-3A.SubdivisionsforWorksbyoraboutIndividualAuthors
Table3B.SubdivisionsforWorksbyoraboutMorethanOne
Author
Table-3C.NotationtoBeAddedWhereInstructedinTable3B,
700.4,791.4,808-809
Table-4.SubdivisionsofIndividualLanguagesandLanguage
Families
Table-5.EthnicandNationalGroups
Table-6.Languages

15. Volume 2 & 3
•Thesecondvolumecontainssummaries,schedules
ofclasses000–599and;
•ThirdVolumeSchedulesofClasses600–999.
•Thesenumbersrepresentnotationsforallmain
classesandalltheirsubdivisionsinthehierarchical
order.
•Eachentrycontainsaclassnumberontheleftand
onitsrightthenameofitssubjectortopicisgiven.
•ManyoftheHeadingscontainavarietyofnotes,
explanations,instructionswhichareusefulin
numberbuilding.

16. Volume 4: Relative Index
•Theindexiscalledrelativeindex,becauseitbrings
togetherallaspectsofasinglesubject,whichhave
otherwisebeenscatteredbydisciplineinthe
schedules.
•Therelativeindexarrangestheconceptsandtheir
termscontainedinthe
•Tables(Vol.1)andSchedules(Vol.2&Vol.3)inan
alphabeticalsequence.
•Italsocontainsbriefinstructionsandakeytothe
abbreviationsusedintheindex.

17. SUMMARIES OF DDC
•TheFOUR-VOLUMEunabridgededitionis
publishedapproximatelyeverysixyears;the
mostrecentedition-DDC23ispublishedin
2011.
•FIRSTSUMMARY:000-999
•SECONDSUMMARY:300-399
•THIRDSUMMARY:320.1TO320.99

18. Ten Main Classes
0 Generalities, Computer Science, Information and
General Works;
1 Philosophy and Psychology
2 Religion
3 Social Sciences
4 Language
5 Science
6 Technology
7 Arts
8 Literature
9 History and Geography

19. Dewey Decimal Classification-DDC
THE10MAIN CLASSES:
DDC prescribed a minimum of three digits in a class
number to denote a class.
000–099, General Works;
100–199,PhilosophyandPsychology;
200–299,Religion;
300–399,SocialSciences;
400–499,Language;
500–599,NaturalSciencesandMathematics;
600–699,Technology;
700–799,TheArts;
800–899,LiteratureandRhetoric;
and900–999,History,Biography,andGeography

20. Hierarchy
•intheDDCisexpressedthroughstructureand
notation.
•Structuralhierarchymeansthatalltopics
(asidefromthetenmainclasses)arepartof
allthebroadertopicsabovethem.
•Anynoteregardingthenatureofaclassholds
trueforallthesubordinateclasses,including
logicallysubordinatetopicsclassedat
coordinatenumbers.

21. Example
Higher Education in India, Srilanka and Pakistan
•378.540 549 305 491
•300= social sciences
•370=Education
•378=Higher Educaation
•378.54=Higher Education In India
•378.5405493=Higher Education in India and
Srilanka
•378.540549305491=Higher Education in india,
Srilanka and Pakistan

22. Number Building
•OnlyafractionofpotentialDDCnumbersare
includedintheschedules.
•Itisoftennecessarytobuildorsynthesizeanumber
thatisnotspecificallylistedintheschedules.
•Suchbuiltnumbersallowforgreaterdepthof
contentanalysis.
•Therearefoursourcesofnotationforbuilding
numbers:(A)Table1StandardSubdivisions;(B)
Tables2–6;(C)otherpartsoftheschedules;and(D)
addtablesintheschedules.

23. 2. UNIVERSAL DECIMAL CLASSIFICATION-UDC
•Intheyear1895thefirstInternationalConferenceon
BibliographywasorganizedinBrussels.
•Asaresultofthisconference“InstituteInternationalDe
Bibliography”(IIB)wasfounded.Intheyear1931thenamewas
changedto“InstituteInternationalDeDocumentation(IID).
•Intheyear1937theInstituteassumedthenameof“Federation
InternationaldeDocumentation(FID).
•OtletandLaFontaineapproachedMelvilDeweyandobtained
hispermissiontoextendandexpandtheschedulesofDCandon
theconditionthatbasicstructure,sequenceofmainclassesand
theirsub-divisionsshouldbemaintained.
•ThetwoBelgiansenlargedtheschedulesofDCbyadding
extensivelytoitsenumerativeclasses.

24. CONTI….
•TheUniversalDecimalClassification(UDC)isa
bibliographicandlibraryclassification
representingthezedasasystematic
arrangementofallbranchesofhuman
knowledgeorganicoherentsysteminwhich
knowledgefieldsarerelatedandinter-linked.

26. Purpose of UDC
UDCwasdesignedtoservefollowingtwo
purposes.
•Toprovideamethodforarrangingbookson
libraryshelvesinanorderwhichwouldbe
helpfultotheusers,i.e.shelfarrangement,
•Toprovideamethodofarrangingsubstitutes
ofthebooksthemselvesinacardcatalogue
andprintedbibliographies.

27. UDC-Its Structure
.
•ThestructureofUDCisahybridof
Enumerativeandfaceted.
UDC
•Main Tables Auxiliary Tables
(10-Main Classes) 1.Common auxiliaries
2.Special auxiliaries

29. Meaning of symbols
Symbol + (Plus ) for coordination , addition
Symbol+(Plus)forcoordination,addition.
Whenacompoundsubjectcannotbedenotedbyasinglenumber,
thissymbolconnects(orcoordinates)twoormoreseparated
non-consecutiveUDCnumberstosignifytheconcept,e.g
53+54PhysicsandChemistry
(54+549)IndiaandPakistan
Whennonumberexistsforacompoundsubjectcomprisingarage
ofconcepts,itcanbedenotedbytheextensionsign(/)which
connectstwoormoreseparated(non-consecutive)UDC
number,e.g.
548/549MineralogicalSciences,Crystallography,Mineralogy
562/569SystematicPalaeozoology

30. Relation Sign (:)
A general, coordination and reversible relation is indicated
where the concepts involved are of equal significance, e.g.
11 : 2Metaphysics in relation to religion
2 : 53 Religion in relation to physics
327 (44 : 54 ) Foreign policy of France in relation to India
327 (54 : 44 )Foreign policy of India in relation to France
This [ ] Symbol is used for sub-grouping the concepts, e.g.
061 . 25 [ ] International Federation
061 : 027 Library Associations
IFLA International Federation of Library Associations
061 .25 [100] : 061 : 027

31. : : Symbol For order fixing
•IFLAInternationalFederationofLibraryAssociations
061.25[100]::061:027
Symbol=(equals)denoteslanguages
•WhenamainUDCnumberexpressesthesubjectofa
document,itslinguisticformorlanguageisdenotedby
theseauxiliaries.
•Itwillbeprefixedorsuffixeddependsonthetreatmentof
subjectcomponentsofadocument.Ifthedocumenthas
tobefiledbylanguage,thesignisprefixed,e.g.
•=10(061.055.2)Women’smagazineinFrenchlanguage
•Whennecessary,theauxiliarymaybeseparatedfromthe
mainnumberbycolon,e.g.
=30:621.386.2(030)GuidebooktoX-raytubesinGerman
language.

32. FORM AUXILIARIES
Symbol (0…) (bracket nought) denotes form
•The form of presentation or documentary form of a
subject, represented by a main UDC number, can be
expressed by these auxiliaries, e.g.
66 (031) Encyclopedias on chemical technology
•When documents have to be arranged by form, the
auxiliary will be cited first, e.g.
(035) 579.67 Manual to food microbiology.
PLACE AUXILIARIES
Symbol (1/9) (brackets –one-to nine) for denoting place.
•When a subject is denoted by a main UDC number, its
geographical areas, locations or space are indicated by
place auxiliaries, e.g.
331. 89 (410) Labourdisputes in Great Britain.
327. 55 ( 5) Non-aligned countries of Asia.

34. RACE AND NATIONALITY AUXILIARIES
•Symbol ( = …) (brackets -equals) for denoting race,
Nationality
•The nationality or ethnic aspects of a subject (represented
by a main UDC number) are denoted by these auxiliaries,
e.g.
•391.7 ( = 063 ) Ornament of Ethiopian races.
•As these auxiliaries are evolved from language auxiliaries,
they may distinguish linguistic –cultural groups, e.g.
(= 460) Portuguese e-speaking peoples
•Auxiliaries derived from ( = 1.4/9.) will denote political
nationality (citizenship of nation -states), e.g.
( = 1.460) Portuguese.

35. •The auxiliary is suffixed when the filing
order is by subject, e.g.
•547 (038) = 82 Technical Dictionary on
Organic Chemistry in Russian Language.
•More than one language is involved,
auxiliaries arranged in ascending numeric
order, e.g.
21 (0.068) 30 : 40 : 82 Rare documents on
natural theology in German, French and
Russian language.

36. Time auxiliaries
•Symbol “…” (double quotation marks ) denotes
Time
•62 “20” Technology in Twenty-first Century AD
•738.6 “632” Terracotta of the Paleolithic period

37. 1.Common auxiliaries-Examples
+ “Plus”
Examples:
1. International Relationsand Law: 327+34
2. Publication Administration and Law in India.
(35 + 34) (540)

38. 2. Special Auxiliaries-Examples
•Diseases of Heart: 616.12
•Diseases of Arteries= 616.13

39. Notation
•The ten Indo-Arabic numerals : 0, 1 to 9
•The Roman alphabet, both capital and lower
case
•Punctuation marks like point, semicolon, colon
and inverted commas
•Mathematical signs: the plus and the equals.

40. UDC: PART-II: INDEX
•Thepart-IIofUDCistheIndexpublishedin
theyear1988,
•.Theindexhasbeenpreparedthroughthe
computerbypermutingthetermsavailablein
PartI.

41. COLON CLASSIFICATION (CC)
•DrS.R.Ranganathanwasbornin1882,atShiyali,
TanjoreDistrictinTamilNadu.
•HewasbasicallyateacherinMathematics.
•Hisinteresttowardsbooksandlibrarianshipmade
himtobecometheLibrarianoftheMadras
UniversityLibraryin1924.
•Whileontour,healsoattendedafewclassesinthe
SchoolofLibrarianship,UniversityofLondon.all
typesofdocuments.Whileinsearchofmethodology,
oncehehappenedtovisitadepartmentalstorein
Londonwherehefoundaclueforevolvingascheme
ofclassification.

42. •Duringhisobservationaltourshevisitedmany
librariesandfoundlacunaeinexistingschemes
ofclassificationinusethen.
•Hethoughtofdesigningabetterschemeof
classificationwhichmayhelptoclassifyall
typesofdocuments.
•Whileinsearchofmethodology,oncehe
happenedtovisitadepartmentalstorein
Londonwherehefoundaclueforevolvinga
schemeofclassification.
•Heobservedademonstrationofatoycalled
Meccanoset.

43. •ThefirsteditionofCCwaspublishedinthe
year1933withThreeparts.
•Part-I:127pagesofrulesexplainingthe
underlyingprinciples;
•Part–II:175pagesofschedulesand
•Part–III:106pagesofIndex.
•Thenotationusedwasmixedandthecolon
(:)wasusedastheconnectingsymbolfor
joiningthefacets.

44. UNIVERSE OF KNOWLEDGE
•Finite Universe: A universe with a finite number
of entities.
Example: Students in a Classroom.
•Infinite Universe: A universe with an infinite
number of entities.
Example: Universe of Integers.
•Rising Universe: A universe with new entities
added to it or emerging, in it from time to
time.
Example: Subjects of Revise

45. The FOURTH EDITION-PMEST
•ThefourtheditionofCChasradicalchanges
overitspreviouseditions.
•Itcanbesaidafreely-facetedclassification.
FiveindicatordigitstoindicateFive
FundamentalCategorieswereintroduced.

46. PMEST
Personality-P , comma
Matter-M ; semi-colon
Energy-E : colon
Space –S . dot
Time -T ` afastrafe

47. What is CANON?
•Ranganathan has used the term in context of
division of the first order of the major
discipline such as cataloguing, classification,
book selection etc.
•Canonrefers; to being a rule or a body of
rules.
•Canonmeans, a general principle or standard
by which judgment may be formed.

48. CANONS
•Canonsmeans,arule,regulationorlaw.Itcan
alsobedefinedasaprinciple,model,standardor
criterionhencevariousmodels,principles,test
usedfortheworkingandefficiencyofdifferent
schemesofclassificationarecalledcanonsof
classification.
•Ranganathanrecognisedthreeplaneofwork;to
explainthedesignandapplicationofwork,he
providedaspecificnormsfordesigningascheme
ofclassificationandclassifythedocuments
accordingtoit.Indesigningaschemefor
classification,

49. •ithastodealwithdynamics,infiniteandmulti-
dimentionaluniverseknowledgewhichneedto
beclearlyandthoroughlyanalysedthereafterit
isrequiredtobetransformedintoanartificial
languageforsmoothandconvenientuseofthe
schemeaswellassystematicandhelpful
arrangementofdocuments.
•Tomakethiscomplicatedsystemsmooth
Ranganathanhasformulatedaseparatesetof
canonsforworkintoTHREEPLANE,theyare-
1.IdeaPlane,2.VerbalPlane,3.Notational
Plane

51. IDEA
NOTATIONAL
VERBAL

52. Dr. S.R. RANGHANATHAN
CLASSIFICATION SYSTEM

53. •Withtheidentificationofthreeplanesofwork-
Idea,VerbalandNotationalPlane,workof
classificationhasbecomeobjective.
•Itisstillabestandsoundexampleofan
Analytico-SyntheticClassification.
•TheColonClassificationisnowinitsseventh
edition(1987).
•Itisusedinsomespecialandacademic
librariesinIndia.

54. 5/30/2024 54