Life and achievements of shivaji

History

1. First BA History Subject: History Title of the Paper: History of India(From 900 AD to 1707 AD) Second Semester Fifth Unit- Life and Achievements of Shivaji Dr.T.Kaliappan Associate Professor of History Vivekanada College Tiruvedakam West, 625234 25-04-2020

2. Life and Achievements of Shivaji

3. Early life of Shivaji Jija Bhai Shivaji

4. Jijabhai = Shahji Bhonsle = Tukabhai Shivaji Ekosi Shivaji was born in 1627 in the fort of Shivaner.His father was SHAJI BHONSLE and mother JIJA BHAI. His half brother was Ekoji . From the childhood Shivaji was fearless. In the making of his character and personality the three great personalities – Jija Bhai , his mother, Guru Samrath Ram Dass and Dadaji Kondeva contributed a lot.

5. Shivaji’s qualities : An effective organizer An efficient general and military strategist A skilful diplomat Brave soldier An enlightened administrator Respect for others faith An inspiring leader

6. An obedient son – Shivaji loved his parents. He was extremely devoted to his mother Jija Bhai A dutiful disciple Regenerator of the Hindus A benevolent ruler Shivaji as the maker of Maharashtra

7. Early victories of Shivaji The town of Jawali had a great significance in the rise of Shivaji where mostly Mawalis lived. Shivaji organized them by his military ability and began to conquer forts, one after the other. Shivaji began his career as a conqueror in 1646 at the age of nineteen . The same year, the Sultan of Bijapur fell ill and taking advantage of the situation, Shivaji conquered the fort of Torana .

8. Torana fort

9. He earned 2,00,000 Huns after the conquest and recruited a big army and built the fort of Raigarh Raigarh fort

10. He conquered fort of Singhgarh , Kondan , Parandar and Kondana . Sinhagad fort

11. In 1656, Shivaji began his conquest expedition again and captured Kalyan , Baiwandi and Muhuli He captured some of the forts of Bijapur – within a short span of time, Shivaji attained power and prosperity. In 1657 AD Shivaji achieved victory over Konkan and forced the Portuguese for the payment of revenue. Shivaji got a vast booty from this place.

12. Murder of Afzalkhan The Sultan of Bijapur became very angry and he sent his Commander Afzal Khan to punish Shivaji and ordered to bring him living or dead – Shivaji killed Afzal Khan with the “ baghnakhs ”( tiger claws). The Sultan of Bijapur sent many soldiers to catch Shivaji but they failed. In 1662 he conducted a peace treaty with Shivaji .

13. Defeat of Shayista Khan ( 1659-63) Aurangazeb directed Shayista Khan, Governor of the Deccan to take action against Shivaji . Shayista Khan captured Chakan and Pahala and Poona and made it his headquarters. Shivaji was waiting for a suitable opportunity. Rainy season started. Shivaji made a surprise attack on Shaiyasta Khan at his Poona palace. Shaiyasta Khan lost his fingers. Shivaji killed his sons and some Mughal soldiers . Finally Shivaji captured Poona from Mughals

14. Shaistekhan

15. Attack at Surat (1664) Shivaji launched a terrible attack on the Mughal Fort of Surat and got enormous wealth from this place. Surat Fort

16. Treaty of Purander (1665) Aurangazeb deputed Raja Jai Singh, one of his ablest Commanders and diplomats to take strong action against Shivaji . Jai Singh captured several forts and Shivaji was forced to sign a peace treaty in 1665. Shivaji On the way to Purandar

17. Jai Singh and Shivaji

18. The treaty contained the following terms: Shivaji surrendered twenty three of his forts and territory yielding annual revenue of four lakhs of hun . Shivaji was left with only twelve forts and territory which yielded annual revenue of one lakhs of hun . Shivaji accepted the suzerainty of the Mughl court and deputed his son Shambaji with 5000 horse at the Mughal courts. Shivaji agreed to support the Mughals against Bijapur . Shivaji agreed to pay forty lakhs of huns to the Mughals within 13 years of periods

19. Shivaji’s visit to Agra: Jai Singh persuaded Shivaji to visit Aurangazeb’s court,. Shivaji agreed to go to Agra for having personal knowledge about Aurangazeb and his source of strength. Aurangazeb imprisoned Shivaji Shivaji escaped from Mughal prison and reached Maharashtra after 25 days. Raja Shivaji at Aurangzeb's Darbar

20.   Again struggle with Mughals This time Shivaji was able to recover all the forts and territory that he had to surrender in terms of Treaty of Purandhar in 1665. Shivaji plundered Surat again in 1670 Between 1670 and 1674, the Marathas got success everywhere. Mughal power in Deccan was crippled. He snatched away several forts form Bijapur .

21. Coronation of Shivaji In 1674, Shivaji held his coronation according to Vedic rites. He assumed the title of Chhatrapati and Gau-Brahmana Prrati Palak (Protector of Brahmanas and Cows) Shivaji made Raigarh as his capital .

22. Important reasons for the success of Shivaji : Inspirational influence of religious and social leaders like Eknath and Guru Ram Das Lover for the motherland Oppression of Mughal rulers Special characteristics of the Marathas like habits of hard working. Geographical surroundings. Readymade natural forts

23. Influence of language and literature and lover for the community Economic equality on a large scale among the Marathas. Guerilla warfare Training in the art of administration Diplomatic skills Unstable political situation in the south