Life cycle of Housefly and Mosquito - SC.pptx

Information on the lifecycle of a housefly and mosquito, and how they become the vectors of parasites and bacteria.

1. MINI LESSON HOUSEFLYAND MOSQUITO LIFE CYCLE

2. They are examples of a simple mechanical vector, as the pathogen is passed on without multiplying in the fly WHAT ARE HOUSEFLIES?

3. For an adult housefly, it is around ONE MONTH AVERAGE LIFESPAN

4. CARRIERS OF DISEASES Flies act as a carrier of diseases and are wholly undesirable from a hygienic point

5. Typhoid Bacterial dysentery Cholera Tuberculosis Anthrax Other diseases associated with pathogens: ophthalmia, diarrhea in children, and parasitic worms DISEASES ASSOCIATION

6. IT UNDERGOES A COMPLETE METAMORPHOSIS - IT CHANGES FORM COMPLETELY IN ONE BIG STEP (FROM A MAGGOT TO A FLY) NUMBER OF EGGS LAID BY A FEMALE FLY DEPENDS LARGELY ON HOW WELL FED SHE IS DESCRIPTION LIFE CYCLE OF THE FLY WHAT HAPPENS? EGG LARVA/MAGGOT PUPA ADULT STAGES

7. Best way to prevent the spread of the many diseases carried by flies is TO CONTROL THE NUMBER OF VECTORS THEMSELVES Can remove the materials that flies need to feed on and to lay their eggs PREVENTION Chemical control Sanitary control Mechanical control METHODS OF CONTROL

8. They are vectors of many different diseases; over 1 million people aroudn the world die of diseases where the pathogens are carried by mosquitoes every year WHAT ARE MOSQUITOES?

9. It is a disease in which Anopheles mosquitoes are the vector It is caused by the single-celled parasite Plasmodium falciparum , a protozoa The parasite spends part of its life cycle inside a mosquito, part inside human red blood cells, and part inside the human liver MALARIA WHAT IS MALARIA?

10. The parasite spends part of its life cycle in a mosquito and part in the human body Anopheles mosquito is an example of a biological vector, in which the parasite multiplies inside the vector before being passed on MALARIA HOW IS IT SPREAD?

11. The female mosquito needs two meals of human blood to provide protein for her developing eggs before laying them This is when the parasite that causes malaria passes from the mosquito to the next human host LIFE CYCLE OF THE MOSQUITO WHAT HAPPENS?

12. Fever, sweats, and chills Headaches, feeling confused and uncertain Exhaustion Feeling sick, being sick, diarrhea, stomach pain muscle pains difficulty breathing damage to the blood and liver SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS OF MALARIA SYMPTOMS

13. Difficult to attack a parasite hidden in the RBC or liver There are several treatments, but prevention is still the best approach Treatment = antimalarial drugs like quinine, which destroys the parasite in the human body TREATMENT OF MALARIA TREATMENTS

14. There are 4 main ways of controlling the mosquitoes that carry malaria and other vector-borne diseases (dengue, zika, and chikungunya) Mechanical, chemical, sanitary, and biological controls PREVENTION OF MALARIA PREVENTIONS

15. These methods can help to avoid contact with mosquitoes. Have screens on doors and windows to prevent mosquitoes from getting out Wear clothes that protect the skin against mosquitoes (long sleeves and trousers) Sleep under a mosquito net (one treated with insecticides) MECHANICAL CONTROLS CHEMICAL CONTROLS These methods use chemicals to either keep mosquitoes away or to kill them Use mosquito repellent Spray insecticides on mosquito nets or buy insecticides treated nets Spray insecticides onto the water where the mosquito breeds to kill the eggs and the larvae Take antimalarial medicines that kill the malaria parasite

16. Keeping our environment clean and tidy, and dealing with human waste reduces the chances for mosquitoes to breed Remove as many standing water as possible Dispose of sewage correctly SANITARY CONTROLS BIOLOGICAL CONTROLS Biological weapons have been created to destroy mosquitoes Developing fungi and bacteria that will attack and destroy mosquito as larvae in the water or as adults Introducing fish that may eat mosquito larvae in very large numbers Genetic modification or mosquitoes to make them infertile so they cannot breed