lillium ppt by agricultural University students

Lilium ppt

1. SHER I KASHMIR UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY BSc HORTICULTURE- 3rd YEAR (6th sem ) COURSE: Breeding and Seed Production of Ornamental crops [FLA-325] SUBMITTED BY : Junaid wani (BSH-2022-1377). Aqib aijaz (BSH-2022-1321). peerzada mohsan (BSH-2022-1443). SUBMITTED TO: Dr. Z.A Bhat Dr . Z.A Rather

2. Lilium – Origin & Breeding:- Genus : Lilium (Family: Liliaceae ), herbaceous perennial with scaly bulb Name origin : From Greek word “ li ” meaning whiteness. Commercial groups : Asiatic & Oriental hybrids (from interspecific hybridization). Origin & Distribution: Native to Northern Hemisphere (Canada, Siberia, Florida, India, Mediterranean, Far East). Himalayan & Nilgiri regions host native species. History : Recorded since 1000 BC (Assyrian monuments). Easter Lily (L. longiflorum ) popularized in Japan, England (1819), Bermuda, USA, India. Breeding progress: Began approxiimately 200 years ago; major advances in last 50 years. Asiatic hybrids dominated till 1980; now Oriental hybrids lead (fragrance, large blooms). Production: approximately 7000 registered varieties. Netherlands is top producer, followed by Japan, USA, Australia, Chile, South Africa.

3. Lilium – Species & Hybrids Species: 100+ important species; divided into 7 subgenera:Eulirion (trumpet), Archelirion (open), Martagon ( turk’s cap), Pseudo- martagon (bell), Isolirion (upright), Cardiocrinum (heart-leaved), Notholirion ( fritillaria -like). Key species in breeding: L. tigrinum , L. bulbiferum , L. auratum , L. speciosum , L. longiflorum , L. lancifolium , L. concolor , L. dauricum . Hybrid Groups: Asiatic Hybrids – Early summer bloom; 30–150 cm; disease-resistant; many colors. Oriental Hybrids – Large (30 cm), fragrant blooms; 60–240 cm; late summer. Martagon Hybrids – Nodding flowers; 90–180 cm; many shades. Candidum Hybrids – Madonna lily origin; 90–120 cm; fragrant white blooms. American Hybrids – Native N. America; 120–240 cm; late spring–early summer. Longiflorum Hybrids – Easter lily; ~90 cm; white trumpet blooms. Trumpet Hybrids – 120–180 cm; large, summer-flowering trumpets. Wild Species – L. auratum (Gold-banded lily), L. lancifolium (Tiger lily).

4. Flower Morphology & Biology:- Flower structure: Long perianth tube, 6 perianth segments ( 2 fused whorls ). 6 prominent introrse anthers on long filaments; orange sticky pollen. Superior trilocular ovary, style with 3-lobed stigma. Fruit: oblong, 6-ribbed capsule with flat brown seeds. Anthesis & stigma receptivity: Stigma receptive >1 week. Pollen germination best after drying ( moisture ≤15% ). Pollens viable for several days post- anthesis .

5. Pollination biology: Cross-pollinated; large colorful flowers adapted to animals. Main pollinators: hawkmoths , butterflies, hummingbirds, bumblebees. Species-specific pollination: Butterfly – L. humboldtii , L. kelleyanum Hummingbird – L. columbianum , L. occidentale Hawkmoth – L. washingtonianum , L. parryi Mixed systems in other species.

6. Breeding Objectives in Lilium :- Large, attractive flowers Strong stems & long vase life Early & prolonged flowering Good forcing ability Vigorous bulb growth (L. longiflorum ) Less pollen (allergy-friendly types) Resistance to fungal diseases ( Fusarium , Botrytis ) Resistance to viral diseases ( CMV, LSV, LMoV )

7. Breeding Methods – Selection:- Lily is highly cross-pollinated → selection from segregating populations is common. Some varieties selected for desirable traits (e.g., cv. Yellito : yellow flowers, male sterile, good in low light). Disease resistance: Resistance to Fusarium oxysporum found in both cultivated & wild species. Seedling tests developed for early selection against Fusarium .

8. Hybridization in Lilium :- Main approach: Crossing within & between species → hundreds of cultivars developed. Important hybrid groups: Asiatic hybrids (from L. tigrinum , L. bulbiferum , L. dauricum , L. lancifolium , etc.) Oriental hybrids (from L. auratum , L. speciosum , L. rubellum ) Others: Martagon , Candidum , American, Longiflorum , Trumpet. Notable achievements: L. formolongi (cross of L. formosanum × L. longiflorum ; early flowering, virus tolerant). LA hybrids (e.g., Lariptol : pink flowers, strong stems). Oriental hybrids (e.g., ‘Mona Lisa’, ‘Stargazer’, ‘ Yun Xia’). Challenges: Self-incompatibility, inbreeding depression, malformed flowers. Outcome: Hybrids developed with fragrance, attractive colours , stress tolerance & disease resistance.

9. Asiatic hybrids

10. Oriental hybrids

11. Species Trait / Characteristic L. auratum Fragrance, virus resistance L. candidum Earliness, fragrance L. speciosum Fusarium resistance L. rubellum Low temperature & low light tolerance L. longiflorum Good bulb growth, early flowering, virus tolerance L. nepalense Resistance to some abiotic stresses (low input adaptability)

12. Interspecific Hybridization in Lilium :- Lilium species have a lot of diversity (size, color, flowering time, disease resistance). Crossing different species helps combine their good traits in one hybrid. Successful crosses: L. pumilum × Asiatic hybrids, L. henryi × Oriental hybrids, L. primulinum × L. longiflorum / L. elegans / L. speciosum . LA hybrids (L. longiflorum × Asiatic) give pastel flowers with mild fragrance. Disease resistance: Fusarium oxysporum : strong resistance in Asiatic hybrids and L. dauricum . Oriental hybrids → resistant to Botrytis elliptica but Fusarium susceptible. Viruses (like CMV, LMoV , LSV) are managed using tissue culture + chemical treatments to create virus-free lilies.

13. Mutation Breeding :- Mutation breeding is done by treating bulb scales with irradiation (X-rays or gamma rays ) or with colchicine . This creates new variations in flower colour , leaf thickness, leaf colour , bulb size, and tolerance Why effective in Lily? Lilies are highly heterozygous (lots of genetic variation). They are easily multiplied by vegetative propagation → mutants can be quickly multiplied.

14. Examples: In late 1960s, cultivars Enchantment and Connecticut King irradiated → produced flower colour change and low light tolerant mutants. Optimal treatment : 200–400 R gamma rays + 2 mg/L colchicine . New mutant varieties released: Mies Bouwman – orange colour , excellent quality TX 68-1 – orange colour , good forcing Zanlotriumph – white colour (released in 2005)

15. Polyploidization in Lily Breeding:- Produces larger flowers & stronger stems. Helps restore fertility in sterile interspecific hybrids. Methods:- Colchicine treatment (on bulb scales) → induces chromosome doubling → fertile tetraploids . Oryzalin (less toxic) also used for chromosome doubling. 2n gametes (unreduced gametes) used in breeding → allow transfer of useful traits. Examples: Fertility restored in L. longiflorum × Mont Blanc and L. candidum hybrids. Triploids produced (e.g ., Shikayama × L. henryi ). New varieties: Apricot Supreme ( tetraploid , red-orange), Bold Knight ( tetraploid , red), Parisienne (triploid, pink ), Tiger Babies (triploid, buff-pink).

16. THANK YOU…