linguistics (Phonetics and its characteristics )

linguistics has three branches to study it, and under each branch we have to categories . in grammar we have Morphology
in meaning we have semantics and in sound we have phonetics. phonetics Phonetics is the study of sound characteristics. l

consonants and vowels. the place of articulations, the manner of articulations. voicing.

1. P h o n e t i c s c ou rs e Moza AE mɔːzə eɪ ɪː

2. æ The content What is linguistic? What is phonetics? Why do we need it? What are the phonetics branches? IPA Consonant Vowels ɒ ɑ: ʌ ɔ: ɜ: ɫ

3. What is linguistic ? The study of language from different branches . There are sound , meaning and structure of a word.

4. My mother is beautiful Read it( the sound) The grammar (structure) The meaning Try it now !

5. What is phonetics It is one of the important branches in linguistic ( the science of study a language) It comes from phone (sound). I t is Greek word. It is the science which studies the characteristics of human sound . There are three branches of phonetics ( articulatory, acoustic and auditory phonetics ).

6. Articulatory phonetics (How sounds are produced ?) A coustic phonetics (How sounds are transmitted? ) Auditory Phonetics How sounds are received ?)

7. Why do we need Phonetics? We need to study Phonetics so that we can improve our pronunciation by learning to produce each sound of Standard English correctly . We need to study phonetics so that we can interpret the symbols used in dictionaries which represent the pronunciation of radio announcers and educated English-speaking people . We study Phonetics to feel comfortable in using English language

8. We are dealing with sounds

9. The I nternational P honetic A lphabet IPA The International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA) is a system where each symbol is associated with a particular English sound . By using IPA you can know exactly how to pronounce a certain word in English. This helps in improving English pronunciation and feeling more confident speaking in English.

10. How to describe consonant sounds The place of articulation The manner of articulation Voicing In English we have consonant and vowels

11. Let’s try it in Arabic

12. Try it in our language

13. English Sounds

14. Most English consonants can be classified using three articulatory parameters :  Voicing: vibration or lack of vibration of the vocal folds .  Place of Articulation: the point at which the air stream is most restricted .  Manner of Articulation: what happens to the moving column of air. CLASSIFICATION OF CONSONANTS

15. Voicing

16. Voicing Voicing introduces vibration into the resonating column of air. When the vocal folds are tensed, they vibrate as the air stream passes them.  When your vocal cords are vibrating ( voiced ) When your vocal cords are NOT vibrating ( voiceless )

17. Place of Articulation: the point at which the air stream is most restricted.

18. Bilabial Bilabial consonants occur when you block/constrict airflow out of the mouth by bringing your  lips together. / p/ as in “ p urse” and “ra p “ /b/ as in “ b ack” and “ca b “ /m/ as in “ m ad” and “cla m “

19. Labio -Dental Labio -dental consonants occur when you block/constrict airflow by curling your lower lip back and raising it to touch your upper row of teeth. /f/ as in “fro” and “calf“ /v/ as in “vine” and “have”

20. Dental Dental consonants occur when you block/constrict airflow by placing your slimy tongue against your upper teeth.  / θ/ as is “ th ick” and “ba th “ /ð/ as in “ th e” and “ra th er”

21. Alveolar The alveolar ridge is where your teeth meet your gums.  You create Alveolar consonants when you raise your tongue to the alveolar ridge to block or constrict airflow .  /n/ as in “ n o” and “ma n “ /t/ as in “ t ab” and “ra t “ /d / as in “ d ip” and “ba d “ /s/ as in “ s uit” and “bu s “ /z/ as in “ z it” and “ja zz “ /l/ as in “ l uck” and “fu ll y”

22. Post-Alveolar Post-alveolar consonants are those that occur when the tongue blocks or constricts airflow at the point just beyond the alveolar ridge . /ʃ/ as in “ sh ot” or “bra sh ”   /ʒ/ as in “vi s ion” or “mea s ure” / tʃ / as in “ ch ick” or “ma tch ”   / dʒ / as in “ j am” or “ba dge “

23. Palatal The roof of your mouth is the hard palate. You may know it as “the place that burns like hell when I eat pizza that is too hot.” You create Palatal consonants when you raise the tongue to this point and constrict airflow. /j/ as in “yes” and “bayou”

24. Velar   You make Velar Consonants when you raise the back of your tongue to the velum to block or restrict airflow . /ŋ/ as in “goi n g” / k/ as in “ k ite” and “ba ck “ / g/ as in “ g ood” and “bu g “ /w/ as in “ w et” and “ ho w ard ”

25. Glottal breath for a few seconds while keeping your mouth open. What you are actually doing to keep the air from expelling out of your lungs by closing your glottis.   /h/ as in “ h i”

26. Can you remember the sounds Can you expect where are the letters ?

27. Manner of Articulation: what happens to the moving column of air.

28. Nasal Nasal consonants are created when you completely block air flow through your mouth and let the air pass through your nose . There are three nasal consonants in English. /m/  – “ m ad” and “cla m ” – / n/  – “ n o” and “ma n ‘ – / ŋ/   –  “goi n g” and “fu n k” 

29. Stop Like nasal consonants, stop consonants occur when the vocal tract is closed completely.   But for stops the airflow is NOT redirected through the nose. Instead, the air quickly builds up pressure behind the articulators and then releases in a burst. /p/  –  p urse and ra p   /b/   – “ b ack” and “ca b ” / t/  – “ t ab” and “ra t ”   / d/  – “ d ip” and “ba d ” / k/  – “ k ite” and “ba ck ” / g/  – “ g ood” and “bu g

30. Fricative fricative sounds involve only a partial blockage of the vocal tract so that air has to be forced through a narrow channel . /f/  – “ f ro” and “cal f “-   / v/  – “ v ine” and “ha v e” – / θ/  – “ th ick” and “ba th ” / ð/  – “ th e” and “ra th er” –) /s/  – “ s uit” and “bu s ” – / z/  – “ z it” and “ja zz ” / ʃ/  – “ sh ot” and “bra sh ” –  / ʒ/  – “vi s ion” and “) /h/  – “ h appy” and “ h ope

31. Affricate When   stop  consonants mix with  fricative   consonants, the result is an  affricate  consonant. The English affricate sounds are: / tʃ /  – “ ch ick” and “ma tch ” –  / dʒ /   – “ j am” and “ba dg e” –

32. Vowels Vowel is a speech sound produced by humans when the breath flows out through the mouth without being blocked by the teeth , tongue , or lips. We need to study vowels because it is the most important sound in a syllable . There are no word without vowels. There are five English vowels, (A , E, I, O, U .). But There are five vowels letter in English, but what are the vowels sounds . Are they the same????!!!

33. Think about it, then read it. B i tter B e tter B u tter Think about your example

34. We have 5 English letters that give us 20 English sounds

35. https:// www.youtube.com/watch?v=0HeujZ45OZE

36. ɪ i ː i i t I ll b i g d i sk Sw i m k i ng br i dge ea t m ea t Ch ea p l ea ve Pl ea sed S ee fr ee m ee t

37. ʊ uː c oo k g oo d p u t b u sh p u sh f u ll p u ll T oo f oo d m oo n n e w f e w t u be y o u gr ou p D o wh o

38. ɜː B ur n ch ur ch c ur ve F ur h ur t n ur se v er b h er b

39. e ɔː c or n f or ce n or Sh or t c a ll F a ll w a lk ch a lk e gg b e d h e lp str e ss Tw e lve d ea d h ea lth sw ea t br ea st