Liniments Presentation

1. LINIMENTS

2. Liniments Liniments are solutions or mixtures of various substances in oil, alcoholic solutions of soap, or emulsions and may contain suitable antimicrobial preservatives . These preparations that may be liquid or semi-liquid are intended for external application and should be so labeled . They are rubbed onto the affected area; because of this, they were once called embrocation . They are applied with friction and rubbing of the skin, the oil or soap base providing for ease of application and massage.

3. General uses of Liniments Antipruritic - used to relieve itching Astringents - causes biological tissue to contract Emollients - products that soften skin or treat dry skin Analgesics Rubefacient -Substance that causes redness ( Rubar ) Counterirritant- an agent applied locally to produce superficial inflammation with the object of reducing inflammation in deeper adjacent structures.

4. Liniments Only suitable for external use That are emulsions or that contain insoluble matter must be shaken thoroughly before use

5. How Liniments are prepared The vehicle should be selected for the type of action desired ( rubefacient , counterirritant, massage) and also on the solubility of the desired components in the various solvents Prepared in the same manner as solutions, emulsions, or suspensions

6. Alcoholic liniments Oleaginous liniments. used generally for their rubefacient , counterirritant mildly astringent, and penetrating effects penetrate the skin more readily than do those with an oil base. Milder in their action but is more useful when massage is required less irritating to the skin, d epending on their ingredients may function solely as protective coatings . There are two types of Liniments:

7. Alcoholic liniments Oleaginous liniments. used generally for their rubefacient , counterirritant mildly astringent, and penetrating effects penetrate the skin more readily than do those with an oil base. Solvent may be a fixed oil (almond oil, peanut oil, sesame oil, cottonseed oil) or volatile substance ( wintergreen oil, turpentine) or a combination of fixed and volatile oil There are two types of Liniments:

8. Liniments: Liniments should NOT be applied to skin that is bruised/Broken because excessive irritation might occur. This application should be marked for “ external use only ” Dermatologist prescribe products of this type but only those containing the rubefacients are advertised extensively and used by consumers for treating minor muscular aches and pains.

9. Examples of Liniments Compound Calamine Liniment Efficascent oil White Liniment

10. Examples of Liniments White liniments

11. Formulation Material Original formular catergory Uses Oleic Acid 85mL Turpentine Oil 250mL Corrective Counterirritant Ammonia solution 45mL Alkalinizing agent provide alkaline medium Ammonium Chloride 12.5g Active ingredient Purified water 625ml Diluent Primary solvent

12. Procedure Mix oleic Acid with turpentine oil Dilute ammonia solution with 45ml of water , previously warmed . Add to the oily solution and shake to form emulsion Dissolve Ammonium Chloride in water Add the emulsion .

13. COMPOUND CALAMINE LINIMENT USE: = Soothing application used to treat the discomfort of dermatitis and eczema . APPEARANCE: = Yellow suspension Synonym: Compound Calamine liniment, Applicatio Calamine Composita

14. EFFICASCENT OIL USE: = For Temporary relief of minor aches and pains of muscles and joints associated with: Simple Backache Arthritis Strains Sprains Counterirritant APPEARANCE: = green clear liquid Synonym = methylsalicylate camphor