Lining of tunnel

Discuss the lining of the tunnel

1. BY GIRI PRASAD GURUNATHAN LINING OF TUNNEL

2. Tunnel A tunnel is an underground passageway, dug through the surrounding soil/earth/rock and enclosed except for entrance and exit, commonly at each end. 

3. FAILURE IN TUNNEL i . Failure due to discontinuity: fault, joint, fold ii. due to stratified rocks iii. Rock fail by stress: squeezing, in fault zone, weak and expansive soil in deeper zone. iv. Fail by mineral control v. Water pressure control: swelling vi. Seismic effects vii. Other permanent soil land displacement viii. Failure in shotcrete ix. Failure in rock bolt and dowel system etc.

4. LINING Tunnels  in loose rock and soft soils are liable to disintegrate and, therefore, a  lining is provided to strengthen their sides and roofs so as to prevent them from collapsing

5. Types

6. In-situ Concreting

7. Rock Reinforce

8. SHOTCRET

9. WIRE MESH

10. BLOCK LINNING

11. Thank you Giri Prasad Gurunathan B.Tech. Civil