Linux chapter one Lesson 1.pptxLinux chapter one Lesson 1.pptx

Linux chapter one Lesson 1.pptxLinux chapter one Lesson 1.pptx

1. Welcome

2. Red Sea University Computer Science & IT

3. http:// www.mahergelle.com By Eng.Adulahi M. Adan Operating System 2: LINUX

4. Chapter One: - Introduction to Linux

5. Chapter Outline Operating Systems 01 Unix/Linux OS 02 Linux vs Windows 03 Why Linux Which Linux How Linux 04

6. Lesson One: -

7. OPERATING SYSTEMS What is an OS? Why have one? What is a Kernel ? Linux Operating System

8. OPERATING SYSTEMS Operating system : manages activities and resources of a computer. Software that acts as an interface between hardware and user Provides a layer of abstraction for application developers Features provided by an operating system: Ability to execute programs (and multi-tasking) Memory management (and virtual memory) File systems, disk and network access An interface to communicate with hardware A user interface (often graphical) Linux Operating System

9. OPERATING SYSTEMS Computer System Structure Computer system can be divided into four components: 1. Hardware – provides basic computing resources CPU , memory, I/O devices 2. Operating system:- Controls and coordinates use of hardware among various applications and users 3. Application programs – define the ways in which the system resources are used to solve the computing problems of the users Word processors, web browsers , database systems, video games 4. Users: - People , machines, other computers Linux Operating System

10. OPERATING SYSTEMS Linux Operating System

11. OPERATING SYSTEMS Evolution The history of the operating system has four generations now. The evolution of the Operating system can be understood from the following image . Linux Operating System

12. OPERATING SYSTEMS The software that contains the core components of the operating system is called the kernel . kernel : The lowest-level core of an operating system . Linux Operating System Date Event History of Operating System - Description 0s-1940s No OS Manual machine language input; limited accessibility due to expertise. 1940s-50s Batch Processing Introduction of punch card-based programming; sequential job processing. 1960s-70s Time-Sharing CPU time shared among programs at intervals; interactive computers.

13. OPERATING SYSTEMS Linux Operating System 1970s-80s Introduction of GUI Adoption of GUIs with icons, menus, and user-friendly interfaces. 1980s-90s Networked Systems Specialized OSs for computer networks; file sharing and remote access. Late 1990s - Early 2000s Mobile OS Emergence of mobile OSs like iOS and Android for touchscreen devices. 2010s-Ongoing AI Integration Integration of AI features (e.g., Siri, Google Assistant, Alexa).

14. Operating System & Application Software Linux Operating System Application Software Hardware Operating System Driver Driver

15. Operating System & Application Software Applications Operating System API: application program interface File management I/O Drivers Network Module Kernel Memory management Resource scheduling Program communication Security Linux Operating System

16. Disk Operating System IBM Introduced DOS (Disk Operating System) in 1981. Later many versions like MS-DOS (1982) by Microsoft were introduced. All DOS-type operating systems run on machines with the Intel x86 or compatible CPUs, DOS is a single-user, single-task operating system that are only one program at a time can use them. Linux Operating System

17. Windows Operating System Microsoft first introduced an operating environment named Windows in November 1985 as an add-on to MS-DOS in response to the growing interest in graphical user interfaces (GUIs). It was a 16 Bit OS running on top of DOS providing Single-tasking and GUI Windows 3.0 (1990) and Windows Workgroup 3.11 (1992) improved the design and were 16/32 Bit OS . Windows 3.1 had Internet Explorer browser as a part of the OS . Later came Windows 95 (1995), Windows 98 (1998) and Windows (2000) which were 32 Bit OS and used File System and supported DOS also. Linux Operating System

18. Unix Unix is a multi-user, multi-tasking operating system. It can have many users logged into a system at same time. It keeps each process and user separate and to regulate access to system hardware, including CPU, memory, disk and other I/O devices. First Version was created in Bell Labs in 1969. Some of the Bell Labs programmers who had worked on this project was designed and implemented the first version of the Linux File System. It is one of the most effective operating systems ever created, with numerous offshoots and a wide-reaching effect on the computing and electronics industries. Its main advantages include stability, interoperability, and portability across multiple heterogeneous environments and devices . Linux Operating System

19. Unix brief history: Multics (1964) for mainframes Unix (1969) K&R Linus Torvalds and Linux (1992) key Unix ideas: written in a high-level language (C) virtual memory hierarchical file system; "everything" is a file lots of small programs that work together to solve larger problems security, users, access, and groups human-readable documentation included Linux Operating System

20. Linux What is Linux Linux is a Advanced Unix-type operating system originally created by Linus Torvalds with the assistance of developers around the world. It originated in 1991 as a personal project of Linus Torvalds, a Finnish graduate student. while studying computer science at University of Helsinki The Kernel version 1.0 was released in 1994 and today the most recent stable version is 2.6.9 Developed under the GNU General Public License , the source code for Linux is freely available to everyone. Linux Operating System

21. Linux Linux : A kernel for a Unix-like operating system. commonly seen/used today in servers, mobile/embedded devices, ... GNU : A "free software" implementation of many Unix-like tools many GNU tools are distributed with the Linux kernel distribution : A pre-packaged set of Linux software. examples: Ubuntu, Fedora key features of Linux: open source software : source can be downloaded free to use constantly being improved/updated by the community Linux Operating System

22. Linux Things you can do in Linux Load the course web site in a browser Install and play games Play MP3s Edit photos IM , Skype Linux Operating System

23. Linux LINUX Distributions Mandrake: http://www.mandrakesoft.com/ RedHat : http://www.redhat.com/ Fedora: http://fedora.redhat.com/ SuSE /Novell: http://www.suse.com/ Debian : http://www.debian.org / U buntu: http:// www.ubuntu.org/ Linux Operating System

24. Lesson End

25. Thank you @ Eng.Abdulahi M. Adan