Lip prints

Lip print

1. Lip prints

2. classification Tsuchihashi’s classification based on grooves ( 6 Types) Type I – clear cut vertical grooves that runs across entire lip Type I 1 – same as Type I , does not cover entire lip. Type II – Branched grooves Type III – Intersected grooves Type IV – Reticular grooves Type V - Grooves cannot be morphologically differentiated

3. 1st proposed by Santos Simple wrinkles Straight line Curved line Angled line Sine shaped curve Compound wrinkles Bifurcated Trifurcated Anomalous

4. A combination of these grooves may be found on any set of lips. To simplify recording, the lips are divided into quadrants similar to the dentition- a horizontal line dividing the upper and lower lip and a vertical line dividing right and left sides. By noting the type of groove in each quadrant, the individual’s lip print pattern can be recorded.

5. Lip print at crime scene Lip prints may be left at crime scenes and can provide a direct link to the suspect. The use of lip sticks was essential to leave behind coloured traces of lip prints. These marks are characterized by their permanence and produce ‘persistent’ lip prints that can be recovered days after being produced.

6. In recent years, however, lip sticks have been developed that do not leave any visible trace after contact with surfaces such as glass, clothing, cutlery or cigarette butts. Although invisible, Alvarez et. al. have shown that these prints can be developed and visualized using agents like, aluminium powder and magnetic powder.

7. According to BALL lip sticks are not needed for recording. Vermillion border of lip – minor SG Edges of lip – sebaceous & sweat glands

8. Ball states that the vermilion border has minor salivary glands and the edges of the lips have sebaceous glands with sweat glands in between. The secretions of oil and moisture from these enable development of ‘latent’ lip prints in most crime scenes, where close contact between the victim and the culprit has occurred.

9. Lip prints Imprints produced by wrinkles & grooves visible on the lips. Study of Lip prints - CHEILOSCOPY Supposed to be individualistic and can be used for crime detection like Finger prints. Lip prints are permanent and can be recorded after days.

10. Lip print characteristics have been widely used in forensics by experts and by the law for human identification. While examining human lips characteristics the anatomical patterns on the lips are taken into account. Studies have shown that the grooves in the human lips are unique to each person, and hence can be used in human identification.

11. The study of Chieloscopy has gained much prominence in recent times, the idea was proposed in 1968 by Yasuo Tsuchihasi and Kazuo Suzuki at Tokyo University . They studied the lip prints of people of all ages and concluded that lip characteristics are unique and stable for a human being. Much recently, it has been studied that lip prints can also be used to determine the gender of a human being.

12. The pioneer of Chieloscopy , Professor J.Kasprzak , analysed 23 unique lip patterns for finding features of human beings. Such patterns (lines, bifurcations, bridges, pentagons, dots, lakes, crossings, triangles etc.) are very similar to fingerprint, iris or palm print patterns. The statistical characteristics features extracted from the lip prints also account for unique identification.

13. Michal Choras has re-affirmed the belief in his studies that the lip can be used as a primary biometric modality for successful identification purposes. He has shown that geometrical analysis of the anatomical parameters of the human lip can be monitored for successful identification. Lukasz Smacki has also done significant research studying the groove patterns in the human lips for personal identification.

14. disadvantages Sivapathasundharam et.al have cautioned that major trauma to the lips can result in scarring. Surgical treatment rendered to correct any abnormality also affects the size and shape of the lips, thus altering the pattern and morphology of grooves.

15. Tsuchihashi states that the anatomic position of lip grooves on the zone of transition close to the vermilion border ( this zone is extremely mobile ). The prints produced may differ in appearance depending on the pressure applied and the direction of pressure. Hence, lip prints caused by one individual may be mistakenly identified as those from another.

16. THANK YOU