lipsticks

preparation and evaluation of Lipstiks

1. Seminar on Lipsticks PRESENTED BY DEEKSHA.A H.T.NO:636217886003 UNDER GUIDANCE OF NAGARANI (ASSISTANT PROFFESOR) DEPARTMENT OF PHARMACEUTICS SRIKRUPA INSTITUTE OF PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCES (Affiliated To Osmania University) (Approved by AICTE;PCI)

2. INTRODUCTION Lipsticks used to impart an attractive color & glossy moisture appearance to the lips. Lipstick is a cosmetic product containing pigments, oils, waxes, and emollients that apply color, texture, and protection to the lips . Although the name originally applied to the baton (stick) of material, within a tubular container, usually around 10mm in diameter and 50mm in length the term has now generally transposed to the material itself, regardless of method of application.

3. IDEAL PROPERTIES It should be nontoxic & nonirritant to the lips. It should impart uniform color to the area of application. It should make lips soft. It should have stability towards environmental conditions. It should completely free from grittyness The container should operate easily.

4. Raw materials used in lipsticks Waxes Oils Pigments and dyes Alcohol and fragrance Preservatives and antioxidants

5. 1.Wax: Wax provides the structure to the solid lipstick. Lipsticks may be made from several waxes such as beeswax, ozokerite and candelilla wax. Because of its high melting point, carnauba wax is a key ingredient in terms of strengthening the lipstick . 2.Oil: It is the addition of oil that gives lipstick its shine and translucent effect. Different types of oils, like castor oil, vegetable oil, lanolin and mineral oil are used in lipsticks. 3.Pigments and Dyes: These are used in lipsticks to impart the desired color or shade to the lipstick. The dyes used in a lipstick include bismuth oxychloride, manganese violet, titanium dioxide, D&C Red No. 6, D&C Red No. 21,

6. 4.Alcohol and Fragrances Alcohol is used as a solvent for the wax and oils used in making lipsticks. Fragrance is used for imparting a pleasant scent to the lipstick and to mask the smell of other ingredients . 5.Preservatives and Antioxidants Preservatives and antioxidants are added to the lipstick to increase its shelf life and to prevent it from becoming stale or rancid . Preservatives: methyl paraben,propyl paraben Antioxidants : Gallic acid, propyl galate, BHA,BHT

7. MANUFACTURING PROCESS OF LIPSTICKS Color Grinding Melting & Mixing Molding Flaming Packaging

8. 1.Color Grinding: P igments and dyes are available in amorphous form.so we have to convert into powder form. Equipment used for grinding are…. Roller mill Colloidal mill 2.Mixing and melting: First the raw materials like solvents, oils and waxy material are melted in separate stainless steel container. The solvents and oils are mixed with color pigments. Then the mixture is passed through roller mill grinding the pigments to avoid grainy feel in lipsticks. after the pigment mass is grounded and mixed it id added to hot wax until uniform color and consistency is obtained.

9. 3.MOLDING: Once the lipstick mass is mixed and free of air, it is ready to be poured in tubes. The melted mass is dispensed into a mold, which consists of bottom portion of metal and a shaping tube. Lipstick is poured up side down so that bottom of tube is at top of mold . Any excess material is scrapped out. The lipstick is cooled and separated from mold and bottom of tube is sealed. The lipstick is passed through flaming test to seal the pinholes and to give finish to the product . 4.LABELLING AND PACKAGING: The lipstick is retracted and tube is capped .The lipstick is ready for labeling and packaging

10. DEFECTS FORMULATION RELATED PROBLEMS 1. SWEATING: caused due to high oil content or inferior oil binding. 2. BLEEDING: separation of colored liquids from waxy bases. 3. BLOOMING: due to higher percentage of cetyl alcohol. 4. STREAKING: expected to be caused due to titanium dioxide. MOULDING RELATED PROBLEMS 1. LADDERING: lipstick does not look smooth or homogenous. 2. DEFORMATION : noticeable in softer formulae. 3. CRATERING: shows up flaming when stick develops dimples.

11. FORMULATION Ingredients % in amount Candilla wax 16% Carnauba wax 3% Ozokerite wax 4% Paraffin wax 12% Yellow bees wax 6% Lanoline alcohol 6% Oleyl alcohol 10% Butilated hydroxy anisole(antioxidant) 0.25% Titanium dioxide 12% Castor oil(to dissolve dyes & pigments) 20% Perfume 0.75% Dyes & pigments 10%

12. Method of preparation Take castor oil, lanoline alcohol, Oleyl alcohol in a beaker(A) containing dyes and pigments Heat the above mixture to 65˚c I n another beaker(B) take remaining ingredients. Heat to 65˚ c. Then add the contents of beaker A to beaker B by vigorous stirring Then this solution is added to molds

13. Evaluation: Melting point Breaking point Force of application Stability Microbial testing

14. Melting point evaluation should be done to know the problems during handling and storage. The melting point should generally be above 50 degree Celsius. breaking point of lipsticks should be evaluated for conforming strength of lipsticks. Force of application to evaluate the value of force to apply to surface. Stability is an important evaluation parameter . stability for long time and short time are evaluated.

15. References Cosmetic technology by SANJUNANDA ,1 st edition,pg.no 330-352. Textbook of cosmetics by BM.MITHAL,2 nd edition, pg no 40-50