LITERARY DEVICES IN STUDYING 21ST CENTURY LITERATURE

Here are some literary devices

1. Sound Devices

2. How can sound devices help in reading a literary text?

3. Name and list down famous rappers or spoken poetry performers. Consider the following questions: What makes them famous? Do they write their own lyrics or spoken poetry? Divide yourselves into groups of three. Write your own short three-stanza rap or spoken poem about teenage life. Prepare to share your work with the class.

4. After the groups have finished sharing, discuss the following questions as a class: In your opinion, what makes rap music and spoken poetry effective? What literary techniques did you use in your own rap or spoken poetry?

5. Vocabulary Words apparition ( noun ) - the ghostly image of a person I walk quickly whenever I have to use the bathroom in the middle of the night for fear that I might see an apparition . countenance ( noun ) - a person’s facial expression Because of the way my resting face looks, people often ask why I have such an unpleasant countenance . transient ( adjective ) - lasting a very short time Some artists, particularly in Japan, believe in the idea that the more transient something is, the more beautiful we remember it. wiles ( noun ) - devious, cunning, or manipulative strategies Because he can’t best him in strength, Loki usually relies on his wiles to attempt to defeat Thor. foresight ( noun ) - the ability to predict the future, usually through intelligent guessing or smart use of information Alcibiades gave one final piece of counsel to Diodorus, but the latter’s lack of foresight caused him to ignore the advice, leading to the defeat of the Athenian army.

6. Sound devices help form visual images and highlight the mood and tone of a text. Alliteration is the repetition of similar sounds at the beginning of closely spaced words. Assonance is the repetition of vowel sounds that form internal rhymes in a line. Consonance is the repetition of consonant sounds, usually at the end of words. Cacophony is the use of jarring sounds, meant to convey disorder.

7. Euphony is the use of sound devices meant to create a pleasant experience to the ear. Onomatopoeia is the use of words that mimic the natural sound of what is being described. Repetition is the repetition of words or phrases to form rhythm or to emphasize an idea. Rhyme is the repetition of identical (or similar) sounds in two or more words, most often at the end of lines in a poem.

8. She was a Phantom of delight by William Wordsworth

9. Guide Questions How does the use of sound devices help the poet convey their intent to the reader/listener? How does it help convey emotion? How does it help convey meaning? How do you think poets decide which types of sound devices to use in their poetry? Reread the poem carefully. See if you can give other examples of sound devices and what their purpose was in the poem.

10. Read the poem carefully and answer the following questions. Cite textual evidence. The Affliction of Margaret by William Wordsworth

11. Guide Questions: Which sound devices were used in the poem? Enumerate and interpret them by filling in the table in the next slide. Take note that the poet may have used multiple types of sound devices in the same line/verse/stanza. Try to keep your explanation of the meaning within 2-3 sentences. If you feel that an entire stanza needs to be examined to glean meaning, you may use up to 5 sentences.

12. Line/Verse/Stanza Sound Device Used Meaning Gleaned

13. Guide Questions: 2. Do you think the use of sound devices enriched the poem? Why or why not? 3. What do you think was the poet trying to convey in this poem?

14. Values Integration How will knowing the different sound devices help you better understand your future lessons in poetry?

15. Group yourselves into three or four. Write two three-stanza poems per group. Each poem must use at least four types of sound devices. Each poem must use at least six separate examples of sound devices. Between the two poems, the students all of the sound devices tackled in this lesson must be used. Prepare to share your poems in class. Synthesis Activity

16. After you write the poems, answer the following questions on a separate piece of paper: Which sound devices did you use for each poem? Why did you choose those particular sound devices? Enumerate and explain the lines in the poems that made use of sound devices. How do you think your poem was strengthened by the use of sound devices? Explain.

17. Assignment Do research on poems in the library or online. Choose a poem you like that makes use of at least four sound devices. Photocopy or transcribe another copy of the poem.

18. Assignment On a separate piece of paper, answer the following questions: Which sound devices were used in the poem? Enumerate and interpret them using the table on the next slide. Do you think the use of sound devices enriched the poem? Why or why not? Taking into account the elements of poetry and the sound devices used, what do you think was the author trying to convey in this poem? Submit both a copy of the poem and your analysis.