Literature Review in Research Methodology

How to conduct and report a literature review

1. Chapter 2 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY LITERATURE REVIEW Value added

2. What you learn ? Foundations of Research Analysis : Literature Review, Objectives identification. 2

3. Literature Review – Purpose 3

4. Literature Review - Definition A literature review is a comprehensive summary of previous research on a topic.  The literature review surveys scholarly articles, books, and other sources relevant to a particular area of research.  The review should enumerate, describe, summarize, objectively evaluate and clarify this previous research. A literature review creates a "landscape" for the reader, giving her or him a full understanding of the developments in the field.  This landscape informs the reader that the author has indeed assimilated all (or the vast majority of) previous, significant works in the field into her or his research. Source : (website of Bloomsburg University, Pennsylvania,--https://guides.library.bloomu.edu/litreview )   4

5. Comprehensive Definition “A Literature Review Surveys scholarly articles, books, and other sources (e.g., dissertations, conference proceedings) relevant to a topic. . . . Its purpose is to demonstrate that the writer has insightfully and critically surveyed relevant literature on his or her topic in order to convince an intended audience that the topic is worth addressing”. ~from Writing the Successful Thesis and Dissertation: Entering the Discussion By Irene L. Clark 5

6. Prewriting Stages Organization is key to the construction of an effective literature review. Formulate the problem or primary research question —which topic or field is being examined and what are its component issues? Create a topic outline before you begin drafting In your literature review’s Introduction: Identify the topic Establish the topic’s importance Define any crucial terms Engage in any theoretical discussions that are necessary for the logic of your literature review Arrange the raw research. This part of outlining will be considerably easier if you’ve done a good job organizing the data ahead of time (i.e., worked from piles!). Remember as you outline: Logical cohesion and flow are vital! 6

7. Prewriting Stages Choose literature —find materials relevant to the subject being explored and determine which literature makes a significant contribution to the understanding of the topic . Use of software : https://www.connectedpapers.com https://www.semanticscholar.org/ https://app.dimensions.ai/ Use of Reference management Software : Mendeley , Zotero 7

8. Sources Peer reviewed journal papers and articles. Edited academic books. Articles in professional journals. Technical Reports. Newspaper Articles. Professional Magazines. Statistical data from government websites. Online articles –(Blog, YouTube content) Website material from professional associations . 8

9. Analyse the literature 9 Literature Review Matrix Template

10. Literature Review Matrix 10

11. Synthesising the Literature 11

12. Synthesis and Interpretation 12

13. Finding the research gap .. 13 In our research therefore we aim at understanding how social media affects the behavior of high school students w.r.t their socio-psychological and academic performance aspects.

14. The Basics of APA Formatting Literature Review 14

15. 4. References 3. Main Body 2. Abstract General Format 1. Title page Your essay should include four major sections: 15

16. Formatting the Title Page Header= the Running head* and page number Title of the paper Your name and your institution (school) *The running head should not exceed one line. If it does, use a shortened version of your title as the header 16

17. The Abstract The second page of your paper Summarizes your subject, research method, findings, and conclusions 17

18. Writing the Abstract – A guideline 18

19. In-Text Citations U sed to cite information that you have taken from another source and used in your paper in the form of: Direct Quotes Paraphrasing Summary Whenever you use a source, provide in parenthesis : the author ’ s name and the date of publication for quotations and close paraphrases, provide the author ’ s name, date of publication, and a page number 19

20. In-text Citations: Formatting Quotations With a signal phrase Without a signal phrase Caruth (1996) states that a traumatic response frequently entails a “ delayed, uncontrolled repetitive appearance of hallucinations and other intrusive phenomena” (p. 11). A traumatic response frequently entails a “ delayed, uncontrolled repetitive appearance of hallucinations and other intrusive phenomena ” ( Caruth , 1996, p. 11). 20

21. In-text Citations: Formatting a Summary or Paraphrase With a signal phrase Without a signal phrase Smith (2002) explained that sibutramine suppresses appetite by blocking the reuptake if the neurotransmitters serotonin and norepinephrine in the brain (p. 594). Sibutramine suppresses appetite by blocking the reuptake of the neurotransmitters serotonin and norepinephrine in the brain (Smith, 2002, p. 594). 21

22. In-text Citations: A Work with Two Authors When citing a work with two authors, use “ and ” in between authors ’ name in the signal phrase, but use “ & ” between their names in parenthesis. According to feminist researchers Bergin and Tate (1997), “ It is no longer true to claim that women's responses to the war have been ignored ” (p. 2). Some feminists researchers question that “ women's responses to the war have been ignored ” (Bergin & Tate, 1997, p. 2). With a signal phrase Without a signal phrase 22

23. In-text Citations: A Work with Three to Five authors When citing a work with three to five authors, identify all authors in the signal phrase or in parenthesis. In subsequent citations, only use the first author's last name followed by "et al." in the signal phrase or in parentheses. ( Harklau , Siegal , and Losey , 1999) ( Harklau et al., 1993) 23

24. In-text Citations: A Work with Six and More Authors When citing a work with six and more authors, identify the first author ’ s name followed by “ et al. ” Smith et al. (2006) maintained that…. ( Smith et al., 2006) OR… 24

25. In-text Citations: A Work of Unknown Author When citing a work of unknown author, use the source ’ s full title in the signal phrase and cite the first word of the title followed by the year of publication in parenthesis. Put titles of articles and chapters in quotation marks; italicize titles of books and reports. According to “ Indiana Joins Federal Accountability System ” (2008), … ( “ Indiana, ” 2008) 25

26. In-text Citations: Organization When citing an organization, mention the organization the first time when you cite the source in the signal phrase or the parenthetical citation. If the organization has a well-known abbreviation, include the abbreviation in parenthesis the first time the source is cited and use only the abbreviation in later citations. The data collected by the Food and Drug Administration (2008) confirmed that… Food and Drug Administration (FDA) confirmed … FDA ’ s experts tested… 26

27. References Page Center the title (References) at the top of the page. Do not bold it. Double-space reference entries Flush left the first line of the entry and indent subsequent lines Order entries alphabetically by the author ’ s surnames 27

28. References: Basics Invert authors ’ names last name first followed by initials : Alphabetize reference list entries by the last name of the first author of each work Capitalize only the first letter of the first word of a title and subtitle, the first word after a colon or a dash in the title, and proper nouns: Smith, J.Q. Toward effective poster presentations: An annotated bibliography 28

29. References: Basic Format for Books Author, A. A. (Year of publication). Title of work: Capital letter also for subtitle . Location: Publisher. Calfee , R. C., & Valencia, R. R. (1991). APA guide to preparing manuscripts for journal publication . Washington, DC: American Psychological Association. Ex.: 29

30. References: for Journal Papers 30

31. References: Article form an Online Periodical W ith DOI Assigned Author, A. A., & Author, B. B. (Date of publication). Title of article. Title of Journal, volume number, page range. doi:0000000/000000000000 Brownlie , D. (2007). Toward effective poster presentations: An annotated bibliography. European Journal of Marketing, 41 , 1245-1283. doi:10.1108/03090560710821161 31

32. References: Article form an Online Periodical With no DOI Assigned Online scholarly journal articles without a DOI require the URL of the journal home page. Author , A. A., & Author, B. B. (Date of publication). Title of article. Title of Journal, volume number . Retrieved from http://www.journalhomepage.com/full/url/ Kenneth, I. A. (2000). A Buddhist response to the nature of human rights. Journal of Buddhist Ethics, 8 . Retrieved from http://www.cac.psu.edu/jbe/twocont.html 32

33. References: Online Encyclopedias and Dictionaries Online Encyclopedias and Dictionaries Often encyclopedias and dictionaries do not provide bylines (authors' names). When no byline is present, move the entry name to the front of the citation. Provide publication dates if present or specify ( n.d. ) if no date is present in the entry. Feminism. ( n.d. ). In Encyclopædia Britannica online . Retrieved from http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/724633/feminism 33

34. References: Web Document, Web Page, or Report List as much of the following information as possible Author , A. A., & Author, B. B. (Date of publication). Title of document . Retrieved from http://Web address You may have to hunt around to find the information; don't be lazy ! Angeli , E., Wagner, J., Lawrick , E., Moore, K., Anderson, M., Soderland , L., & Brizee , A. (2010, May 5). General format. Retrieved from http://owl.english.purdue.edu/owl/resource/560/01/ 34

35. References : YouTube Video [Max Healthcare]. (2023, December 1). Hormone Imbalance in Men│ Dr. Samit Chaturvedi │ Max Hospital, Saket [Video]. Maxhealthcare.in. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MyjvAHSIj9g 35

36. References : Blogs 36 Freakonomics. (2010, October 29). E- ZPass is a life-saver (literally) [Blog post]. Retrieved from http://freakonomics.blogs.nytimes.com/2010/10/29/e-zpass-is-a-life-saver-literally / Heasman , B., & Corti , K. (2015, August 18). How to build an echoborg : PhD researcher Kevin Corti featured on the BBC [Blog post]. Retrieved from http://blogs.lse.ac.uk/psychologylse/2015/08/18/how-to-build-an-echoborg-phd-researcher-kevin-corti-featured-on-the-bbc /

37. References: News Website (no Author) 37

38. References: Facebook Page Author, A. ( n.d. ).  Title – italicised  [Facebook page]. Social media site. Retrieved date, from http://www.xxxxx 38 James Cook University Library [JCU Library]. ( n.d. ).  Library and Information Services   [ Facebook page]. Facebook. Retrieved June 11, 2019, from  https://www.facebook.com/JCULibrary

39. References: Facebook Post Author, A. [Screen name if applicable]. (Date).  Title – italicised . [Audiovisual description – if applicable] [Type]. Social media site. http://www.xxxxx 39 James Cook University Library [JCU Library]. (2019, November 7). Be mindful of others in the Silent Zones of the Library. There are plenty of areas in the Library to suit. [Image attached] [Status update]. Facebook. https://bit.ly/2CGLYwU

40. References: Facebook Comment Author, A. [Screen name if applicable]. (Date).  Title – italicised . [Audiovisual description – if applicable] [Type]. Social media site. http://www.xxxxx 40 Gordon, C. (2019, October 21).  The muddle headed wombat by Ruth Park - the original and the best!  [Comment on the post “It’s Wombat Day in Australia. What’s your favourite story?”]. Facebook. Retrieved 2019, October 25, from https://www.facebook.com/JCULibrary /

41. 41 Thank You