literature study high rise building 7 (1).pptx

oyiuko

1. LITERATURE AND CASE STUDY INCLUSIVE MIXED-USE DEVELOPMENT FALGUNI YADAV VADALI NEELIMA ADITI PRASAD YASH ARAWALIA ANUSHRI DHALI ANCHAL AGRWAL

2. MIXED USE HIGHRISE BUILDING A building that combines multiple uses (residential, commercial, hospitality, etc.) in a single high-rise structure and has a high vertical scale, typically, More than 10-15 stories & Over 35-40 meters (115-131 feet) in height FEATURES OF MIXED USE HIGH RISE BUILDING Combines different functions in one building. Provides additional public space on the ground floor such as shopping malls, restaurants, and shopping malls. Encourage economic investment. Increase revenue. Reduce car dependence, road travel, air pollution and reduce carbon emissions. Easy-to-reach, cycling areas, increased access to transport, both leading to reduced travel costs. Reduction between distances, workplaces, retail business, and other items and facilities. More integrated development. A strong neighbour's character with a sense of place.

3. DIVERSE FUNCTIONAL SPACES 1. Residential Units: Apartments or condominiums, often located on the upper floors to provide privacy and views. 2. Commercial Spaces: Retail shops, restaurants, and other consumer-facing businesses, typically on the lower floors for easy access. 3. Office Spaces: Floors dedicated to offices or co-working spaces, which may be located in the mid-section or specific wings of the building. 4. Hospitality: Some mixed-use high-rises include hotels or serviced apartments. 5. Public and Amenity Spaces: Gyms, swimming pools, parks, community centers, or even public plazas, often integrated to serve both residents and visitors.

4. TYPES OF HIGH RISE BUILDING 1. Residential + Office (Resi-Office) 2. Residential + Retail (Resi-Retail) 3. Office + Retail (Office-Retail) 4. Hotel + Residential (Hotel-Resi) 5. Hotel + Office (Hotel-Office) 6. Residential + Hospitality (Resi-Hospitality) 7. Office + Hospitality (Office-Hospitality) 8. Mixed-Use Towers (combine 3+ functions) Some examples include: - A high-rise with apartments, offices, and ground-floor retail - A building with a hotel, offices, and luxury residences - A tower with retail, restaurants, and entertainment venues, along with offices and residences These combinations vary widely, and the specific mix of uses depends on the building's location, market demand, and design goals.

5. STANDARD BUILDING NORMS The minimum Road width for a building above 60m is 18m Maximum F.S.I.: 3.25 OSR-10% of the plot extent Maximum plot coverage = 50% Maximum Height above ground level is 60m Further, every increase in height of 6m, the minimum extent of setback is Im or a maximum of 20m Vehicular access within the site 7.2m Height of basement floor 1.2mminimum if above ground level The height of basements from floor to ceiling shall be maximum up to 4.5m There will be no restriction on the number of levels of the basement subject to mechanical ventilation as per provisions in National Building code-2005, waterproofing, and structural safety. Refuge Area: For all buildings exceeding 24m height, a refuge area of 15 sqm shall be provided as follows: The refuge area shall be provided on the periphery of the plot or preferably on cantilever projection and open to the air on at least one side protected with suitable railings. The floors above 24m and up to 39m- one refuge area on the floor immediately above 24m. For floors above 39m one refuge area on the floor immediately above 39m and so on after every 15mtrs.

6. 1. Structural integrity 2. Fire safety 3. Accessibility 4. Separate electrical/plumbing/HVAC systems 5. Insulation/glazing 6. Security 7. Parking 8. Amenities 9. Sustainability 10. Zoning compliance 11. Disability access 12. Noise reduction 13. Waste management 14. Maintenance 15. Vertical Transportation BUILDING SERVICES

7. Entrance Foyer/ atrium Common area Children’s play area Seating area Information Desks Event Spaces Anchor Stores Inline Stores Kiosks and Pop-Up Shops Food Court A.T.M Cinema REQUIREMENTS OF SPACES FOR COMMERCIAL Information Desks Customer Service Center Security Office Management Office Valet Parking Public Transport Access Elevators and Escalators Emergency Exits Fire Safety System Nursing Rooms Drinking water Toilet SERVICES

8. Gymnasium Zumba hall Spa + Body massage Night club/ Pub Restaurant Movie hall cafe Seating area REQUIREMENTS OF SPACES FOR RECREATIONAL AREA Elevators and Escalators Emergency Exits Fire Safety System Nursing Rooms Drinking water Toilet Storage room locker room Manager room House keeping Changing room SERVICES

9. Entrance Lobby Reception + waiting Open work space Senior officers Management office PR room Conference room Seminar Hall Printing room Pantry Storage & supply Staff Lounge REQUIREMENTS OF SPACES FOR OFFICE SPACE Elevators and Escalators Emergency Exits Fire Safety System Drinking water Toilet Parking SERVICES

10. Drawing room living room Dining area Kitchen Utility Store room Balcony Master bedroom + washroom Common washroom Pooja area REQUIREMENTS OF SPACES FOR APARTMENT Elevators and Escalators Staircase Chute system Duct Security Emergency Exits Fire Safety System Parking SERVICES

11. BUILDING SERVICES MIXED USE HIGH RISE BUILDING

12. WATER SUPPLY Water Demand and Storage: Calculate water demand based on usage type (residential, commercial). Provide adequate overhead and underground storage tanks, with separate tanks for fire-fighting. Pressure Zoning and Distribution: Divide the building into pressure zones for consistent water pressure. Use booster pumps for upper floors and ensure a balanced plumbing network. Water Quality: Treat water to potable standards if necessary, with regular quality checks. Rainwater Harvesting and Reuse: Install rainwater harvesting systems for non-potable uses. Encourage greywater recycling for flushing and irrigation

13. 5.Fire Water Supply: Maintain a dedicated, separate water supply system for fire safety. 6.Maintenance: Regularly inspect and maintain water supply systems to ensure reliability and safety.

14. FIRE SAFETY Building Design: Fire Zones and Compartmentation: Divide the building into fire zones to prevent fire spread. Fire-Resistant Materials: Use fire-resistant construction materials as per NBC standards. Fire Detection and Alarm Systems: Automatic Detection: Install smoke and heat detectors throughout the building. Centralized Alarm: Ensure a building-wide alarm system is in place, audible/visible to all occupants. Fire Suppression Systems: Sprinkler Systems: Mandatory automatic sprinklers, especially in basements and commercial areas. Fire Extinguishers and Hydrants: Install and maintain fire extinguishers and hydrants on all floors.

15. Emergency Exits and Access: Escape Routes: Clearly marked, well-lit, and unobstructed escape routes and stairwells. Fire Lifts: Provide fire lifts for firefighter access during emergencies. Maintenance and Drills: Regular Inspections: Regularly inspect and maintain all fire safety equipment. Fire Drills: Conduct periodic fire drills for occupants to practice evacuation procedures.

16. AREA OF RUFUGE Location and Frequency: Refuge floors must be provided at every 24 meters of vertical height, or as specified by local regulations. Typically, the first refuge floor is at or around the 24th-meter level, with subsequent refuge floors at regular intervals. Size and Space: The refuge area should be at least 15 square meters or 0.3 square meters per person, whichever is higher. It must be large enough to accommodate all occupants from the floors above it. Accessibility: Refuge floors must be easily accessible via staircases and lifts (fire-rated lifts only). The area should be clearly marked and free from obstructions.

17. .Fire Safety Features: Refuge floors should have fire-resistant walls and doors with a minimum fire rating of 2 hours. Smoke control measures, such as pressurization or natural ventilation, must be in place. Use Restrictions: Refuge floors should not be used for any purpose other than emergency shelter. They must not be occupied or used for storage. Signage and Communication: Clear signage must be installed to guide occupants to the refuge floor. Emergency communication systems, like intercoms, should be available for coordination with rescue teams.

18. VENTILATION AND HVAC SYSTEM Ventilation Requirements: Natural Ventilation: Ensure adequate natural ventilation through windows, vents, and shafts, especially in residential areas and common spaces. Mechanical Ventilation: Use mechanical ventilation systems in areas where natural ventilation is insufficient, including basements, parking areas, and high-density spaces. HVAC System Design: Heating, Ventilation, and Air Conditioning (HVAC): Design HVAC systems to handle the building’s load, ensuring efficient temperature control and air quality. Air Handling Units (AHUs): Install AHUs to manage airflow, temperature, and humidity for different zones (residential, commercial, etc.). Ducting: Properly designed and insulated ductwork is essential for distributing conditioned air and maintaining energy efficiency.

19. . Energy Efficiency: System Efficiency: Ensure HVAC systems are energy-efficient, complying with the Energy Conservation Building Code (ECBC) where applicable. Building Management System (BMS): Implement a BMS to monitor and optimize HVAC performance and energy use. Fire Safety Integration: Smoke Control: Include smoke management systems to control and ventilate smoke during a fire. Fire Dampers: Install fire dampers in ducts to prevent the spread of fire and smoke between compartments.

20. SANITATION AND WASTE MANAGEMENT Garbage Chutes: Design: Garbage chutes must be constructed with fire-resistant materials and equipped with self-closing doors. Location: Install chutes in accessible locations, preferably centralized, and ensure they are separate from other service areas. Maintenance: Regular maintenance and cleaning are required to prevent blockages and odors. Waste Collection: Separate Storage: Provide separate areas for different types of waste (e.g., general, recyclable) and ensure proper segregation. Collection Points: Designated waste collection points should be accessible to service personnel and adequately sized for the building’s needs. Sanitary Facilities: Design: Ensure sufficient and hygienic sanitation facilities in all parts of the building, including common areas and restrooms. Ventilation: Proper ventilation in sanitation areas to manage odors and maintain hygiene.

21. ELECTRICAL SERVICES Power Supply: Main Supply: Ensure reliable main power supply with provisions for both normal and emergency power sources. Backup Power: Install generators or UPS systems to support essential services like lighting, elevators, and fire safety systems during outages. Distribution System: Panel Boards: Use distribution panels to manage and distribute electrical loads efficiently across different building areas. Wiring: Install wiring systems that comply with NBC standards for safety, capacity, and fire resistance. Lighting: Common Areas: Provide adequate lighting in common areas, stairwells, and emergency exits. Energy Efficiency: Implement energy-efficient lighting solutions, such as LEDs, and use lighting controls to reduce energy consumption.

22. Safety and Compliance: Earthing: Proper earthing and grounding of electrical systems to prevent electrical hazards. Inspection: Regular inspection and maintenance of electrical systems to ensure compliance with safety standards and NBC requirements. How to Calculate Total Power Consumption: Formula: Total Power (kW) = (Wattage of Device × Usage Hours) / 1000 Daily Consumption: Multiply total power by the number of operating hours per day. Monthly Consumption: Multiply daily consumption by the number of days in a month. Energy Management Software: Utilize software tools for more precise calculations and simulations. These steps will help ensure that a building's electricity use is accurately calculated and that the supply system is adequately designed and managed to meet the needs.

23. SECURITY SERVICE Access Control: Entry Points: Secure main entrances and access points with card readers, biometric systems, or key fobs. Restricted Areas: Implement restricted access areas for sensitive or high-security zones. Surveillance: CCTV Cameras: Install surveillance cameras in common areas, lobbies, elevators, and building perimeters. Monitoring: Ensure real-time monitoring and recording of CCTV feeds for security purposes. Security Personnel: Guards: Employ security guards for 24/7 patrols and to manage access control. Reception: Have a reception desk or security office to monitor and manage visitor access.

24. Emergency Response: Communication: Install emergency communication systems (e.g., intercoms, emergency phones). Plan: Develop and regularly update emergency response and evacuation plans. Visitor Management: Check-In: Implement a visitor management system to track and control guest access. Identification: Require visitor identification and registration.

25. Design and Layout: Parking Space Allocation: Provide adequate parking spaces based on building usage (residential, commercial) and local regulations. Access and Circulation: Design efficient traffic flow and access points for ease of entry and exit. Accessibility: Handicapped Parking: Provide designated parking spaces for persons with disabilities. Signage: Use clear signage for directions, exits, and restricted areas. PARKING Aisle Width: One-Way Traffic: Minimum 3.6 to 4.5 meters (12 to 15 feet) Two-Way Traffic: Minimum 6.0 to 7.5 meters (20 to 25 feet) Vertical Clearance: Parking Areas: Minimum 2.2 meters (7.2 feet) to accommodate standard vehicles and trucks.

26. Two-Wheelers: Length: 2.0 to 2.5 meters (6.5 to 8.2 feet) Width: 0.8 to 1.0 meter (2.6 to 3.3 feet) Standard Car Parking: Length: 5.0 to 5.5 meters (16.4 to 18 feet) Width: 2.4 to 2.7 meters (8 to 9 feet) Compact Car Parking: Length: 4.5 to 5.0 meters (14.8 to 16.4 feet) Width: 2.4 meters (8 feet)

27. Ramp Width: Single Lane: Minimum 3.0 meters (10 feet) Two-Lane Ramp: Minimum 6.0 meters (20 feet) for two-way traffic Ramp Slope: Maximum Slope: 1:10 to 1:12 (5% to 10%) for vehicles Landing Areas: Provide level landings at the top and bottom of ramps, each with a minimum length of 1.5 meters (5 feet) for ease of maneuvering. Turning Radius: Interior Turns: Minimum radius of 6.0 meters (20 feet) Exterior Turns: Minimum radius of 9.0 meters (30 feet) to accommodate larger vehicles and ensure smooth turns.

28. Car Dimensions: Standard Lift: Minimum 1.1 meters × 1.4 meters (3.6 feet × 4.6 feet) for a basic car size. Large Lift: For high-rise buildings, car dimensions should be at least 1.5 meters × 2.0 meters (4.9 feet × 6.6 feet) to accommodate larger loads and ease of access. Lift Capacity: Residential: Typically designed for 4-8 persons or a load of 320-640 kg (700-1400 lbs). Commercial: May be designed for higher capacities, such as 10-20 persons or a load of 800-1600 kg (1760-3520 lbs). Accessibility: Design: Lifts should be accessible to all users, including those with disabilities, featuring braille buttons and audio announcements. Positioning and Efficiency: Location: Position lifts to efficiently serve all floors, with adequate speed and capacity to handle peak traffic. LIFTS

29. ESCALATOR & MOVING WALK Escalators: Location: Install in high-traffic areas like lobbies, between floors with high pedestrian movement, and in commercial zones. Capacity: Typically designed for a standard load of around 6,000-8,000 passengers per hour. Dimensions: Standard width is about 0.9 to 1.0 meters (3 to 3.3 feet) with varying lengths based on building height. Moving Walks: Location: Use in large horizontal spaces like long corridors or between sections of large commercial areas. Speed: Typically set at 0.5 to 0.75 meters per second (1.6 to 2.5 feet per second) for comfortable travel. Dimensions: Width ranges from 0.8 to 1.2 meters (2.6 to 4 feet), and length depends on the space to be covered.

30. Layers: Consists of two layers of glass or other materials, with an air or insulating layer in between. Configuration: The outer layer is exposed to the environment, while the inner layer is closer to the interior space. • DTI studies on commercial buildings have shown that double skin structures can reduce: o 65% power consumption o Running costs by 65% o 50% CO2 emissions In normal cold climates, compared to a single developed skin structure. The cost of exercise has shown that buildings that use double skin can cost up to 2.5% based on the full interior. DOUBLE SKIN FACADE

31. CASE STUDY KOHINOOR SQUARE Kohinoor square is a 52-story 203-meter (666 ft) semi-twin, a mixed-use skyscraper located on the land previously owned by Kohinoor Mills in Shivaji Park, Mumbai, India

32. Official Name: Kohinoor Square  location : Mumbai india  Type: Mixed-Use  Height: 203 m (Main building)  142 m (Residential building)  Floors: o 52 (Main building) o 32 (Residential building) o 8 (Residential building)  Elevators: 40 (Main building)  Total Area: 2,55,000 m²  Cost: 21 billion INR (290M USD)  Designed by: SSA Architects, Mumbai  Client: The Kohinoor Group ABOUT THE PROJECT

33. ENTRANCE:  Gate 1- Vehicular Entrance from the ND Kelkar Road leads straight to a drop-off zone from where one can return. Otherwise, the path leads straight to the basement. Used bothby office staff as well as public  Gate 2- Vehicular Circulation entrance from Padmabai Thakkar Road leads to the basement. Majorly used by office staff.  Gate 3-Service entry for goods vehicles and fire tenders.  Gate 4-For the residents who live in Tower 2 of the complex, entry will be from this gate straight to the 13-floor multi-level parking block. Entry will be made from JKSawant Road. SITE CIRCULATION

34. West Tower - 3 Basement + Ground to 2nd floor for retail and 3rd service and 4th and 5th floors for Commercial Offices. Central Tower - 3 Basement + Ground to 2nd for retail, 3rd 27th and 28th floors for services, 4th to 43rd floors for commercial offices, and 45th to 47th floors for hotel rooms (42 rooms), 48th-floor Hotel lobby and Restaurant + Helipad. East Tower - 3 Basements + Ground to 13th upper floors for public parking +14th floors for service and 15th to 32nd upper floor’s residential purpose. No. of flats: 68. Energy Center - 2 Basement + Ground + 1st to 3rd floor, 5th 8th, and 11th floor. PROJECT DETAIL

35. The first five floors of the main building is used for a high-end shopping mall and the remaining 47 floors of the main building is utilized for a commercial offices and five star hotel The main building is crowned by five star hotel on top 5 floor. The first 13 floors of the residential building is used as a parking garage for both the buildings and the remaining 19 floors is residences Parking provided for about 2000 cars with super efficient driveways and personalized access controls.

36. CASE STUDY BURJ KHALIFA Burj Khalifa or "Burj Dubai" is a high-rise building located in Dubai, United Arab Emirates, and is the tallest building in the world at 828m (2717 ft). This building has 162 floors. Construction of the tower began in 2004. The building was officially opened on January 4, 2010. The building is 300 meters (980 ft) higher than the Taipei 101. Taipei 101 was the tallest building until 2010 before the Burj Khalifa was built.

37. Official Name: Burj Khalifa bin Zayed  Location : Dubai  Type: Mixed-Use  Height: 829 m  No. of Floors: 206  Elevators: 57, speed: 10m/sec  Total Area: 4,000,000 m²  Cost: 15 billion USD  Designed by: Skidmore Owings and Merrill  Structural Engineer: William F. Baker  Main Contractor: Samsung C&T  Developer: Emaar Properties ABOUT THE PROJECT

38. • Burj Khalifa is the tallest wall of 829 m, with 206 beds. •The three-Y-shaped block building provides better stability in the structure as the triangular shape is the most efficient form of the opposing side air loads. • The composite cone form provides a broad base in the structure, which continues to decrease in length in order to build back and reduce building delays over time. • The foundation system uses the CRPF, namely, the Composite Raft and Pile Foundation system with a 3.7 m thick cement used in Taipei 101 to transfer better load and structure to the ground. FEATURES OF BURJ KHALIFA

39. • A total of 57 elevators and 8 escalators in the Vertical Transportation building. The fire extinguisher has a capacity of 5500 kgs and is the longest elevator in the world. • A space receiver for better and faster direct movement with a raised lift to stop the fixed position. • Seven-storeys two-story floors are still distributed on almost every 30 floors. • The use of two-story elevators to reduce waiting time and crowd control. • The Water Supply System uses PRVS-gravitational gravity, namely, Pressure Assist Relative to maintain pressure in the pipe and taps.

40. SITE PLAN OF BURJ KHALIFA: The Burj Khalifa project is a mixed-use development tower with a total floor area of 4,60,000 sqm that includes residential, hotel, commercial, office, entertainment, shopping, leisure, and parking facilities.

41. VERTICAL ZONING The Right-Wing:  Spire: Over 200m long and house communications equipment  Level 156 to 159: Broadcast and telecom companies  Level 125 to 135: The corporate suites Level 112 to 121: The corporate suites  Level 77 to 108: Private Residences  Level 76: Sky Lobby (fitness facilities Jacuzzi Swimming pools & recreational room)  Level 38 to 39 Armani Hotel Dubai  Level 19 to 37: The Residence  Level 9 to 16: Armani Residence  Concourse, ground to level 8: Armani Hotel, Dubai  The Left Wing:  Level 139 to 154: The corporate suites  Level 124: At the top observation deck  Level 123: Sky Lobby (business lounge and Library)  Level 122: Atmosphere restaurant  Level 44 to 72: The residence  Level 43: Sky Lobby (fitness facilities, Jacuzzi, Swimming pools & recreational room)  Podium: Provides a base (150m wide, six levels) anchoring the tower to the ground.Provides separate entries for the corporate suites, residence, and Armani Hotel.

42. VERTICAL TRANSPORTATION Burj Khalifa has 57 elevators and 8 escalators a fire extinguisher with a capacity of 5500 kg and will be the longest elevator in the world. Burj Khalifa is the first major elevator where some elevators will be installed to allow people to evacuate with certain fire or security events. Burj Khalifa viewing elevators are double-story rooms with a capacity of 12-14 people per cabin. Walking 10 meters, they have the longest distance in the world from the lowest point to the highest point.

43. CASE STUDY WORLD ONE The 'WORLD' project is one of the most recommended projects in India, as it will be the longest residential building in India. It is 1450 meters long for the Load World One Mumbai Resistial Skyscraper. It is currently the tallest building in India under construction and is a residential building with a proposed height of 442 meters and 117 floors.

44. Official Name: World One  location - mumbai india  Type: Residential  Height: 442m  No. of Floors: 117  Elevators: 25: 8m/sec  Total Area: 75,00,000 m²  Cost: 321Million USD  Designed by: Pei Cobb Freed & Partners  Structural Engineer: Leslie E. Robertson Associates  Main Contractor: Arabian Construction Co. & Simplex and Muscovite Group  Developer: Lodha Developers ABOUT THE PROJECT

45. FLOOR AREA DISTRIBUTION  1st to 40th having 3 BHK residences having an area of 2800 sqft and 4 BHK residences having an area of 3400 sqft.  41st to 80th floors are having world villas with private pools having an area of 7000 sqft.  Floor 81st & above is Duplex World Mansions.  6 podium levels for parking

46. SITE PLAN

47. ZONES OF WORLD ONE RESIDENTIAL ZONES: STANDARD FLOORS: LUXURY APARTMENTS. PREMIUM FLOORS: LARGER UNITS AND DUPLEXES. PENTHOUSE FLOORS: EXCLUSIVE TOP-FLOOR RESIDENCES. AMENITY ZONES: Lobby and Reception Clubhouse Fitness and Wellness Center Sky Lounge Infinity Pool Area Children’s Play Area SERVICE ZONES: Parking Levels Loading Docks Maintenance Rooms Security and Surveillance Rooms EXCLUSIVE ZONES: Private Elevator Lobbies Helipad ACCESS AND CIRCULATION: Elevator Banks Staircases and Emergency Exits Hallways and Corridors SUSTAINABLE ZONES: Green Spaces Energy-Efficient Systems

48. Luxury Apartments & Penthouses: High-end residences with panoramic city and sea views. Common Areas: Includes a grand lobby, sky lounge, and a luxurious clubhouse. Recreational Amenities: Infinity pool, fitness center, spa, indoor sports facilities, and landscaped gardens. Safety & Security: 24/7 security, CCTV, fire safety systems. Parking & Transport: Multi-level parking and a helipad. Sustainable Features: Energy-efficient systems, green spaces, and smart home technology. It’s a symbol of opulence in Mumbai, offering top-tier living experiences. FEATURES OF WORLD ONE

49. SERVICES • 18 elevators go up to 8 meters / sec (over 25 ft / sec, over two floors / second). • World One is designed to manage the impact of air traffic and earthquakes. High-strength concrete forms the structure of the tower. • Special measures have been taken to ensure the highest standards of fire safety, including fire detection systems and automatic spraying, pressing fire ladders, and fire speed elevators.

50. THANK YOU