Lithium-Ion Battery

In this presentation we learn basics of how the lithium-ion works and reacts with the environment to produce a unique source of energy storage device called battery.
In this presentation we will deal with:
Introducing Lithium-Ion Battery
It’s Construction
It’s Working
It’s Cell Reactions
It’s Advantages & Disadvantages
It’s Application, etc.

1. DY PATIL COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING, AKURDI
FIRST-YEAR ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT
THE ACADEMIC YEAR 2022-23 SEMESTER-1
Presenters :
38 Aashish Pawar
43 Tanmay Borase
44 Yash Kawdiya
50 Siddhant Sirsat
67 Kanak Sahu
Subject Teacher: Priyanka Dushing Mam
Division: H

2. LITHIUM-ION
BATTERY
BASIC ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING

3. Key talking
points
PRESENTATION
FRAMEWORK
1 / What is Lithium-Ion Battery?
2 / Introduction
3 / Construction
4 / Working
5 / Cell Reactions
6 / Advantages
7 / Disadvantages
8 / Applications

4. LITHIUM-ION
BATTERY
What is a Lithium-Ion Battery?
A lithium-ion is a type of rechargeable
battery which uses the reversible
reduction of lithium ions to store energy.

5. • Lithium has the highest electro-mechanical potential hence it is the
most reactive metal. Thus lithium is used to achieve high energy and
power densities in battery applications.
• Lithium-ion battery is a secondary battery which is a rechargeable
battery.
• lithium-ion batteries have dominated the modern portable electronic
industry as it is used in various modern electronic equipment such as
laptops, mobile phones, radios, electric vehicles etc.
• The lithium-ion battery was first proposed by Exxon in 1970 using
lithium metal. But using lithium metal was found to be unsafe hence in
1979, a lithium-ion battery was developed which works on the principle
of the movement of lithium ions from electrodes.
INTRODUCTION

6. • A lithium-ion battery comprises an anode, cathode, separator,
electrolyte and two current collectors (positive and negative).
• Lithium-ion battery uses a carbon electrode as its anode with a
current collector of thin copper foil.
• Out of the above materials, Lithium cobalt oxide is commonly used
for cathode with the current collector made of thin aluminium foil.
• A separator is a fine porous polymer film.
• An electrolyte is a solution based on a lithium salt in an organic
solvent. The type of conductivity of an electrolyte is ionic rather than
electronic.
CONSTRUCTION

7. • Both the electrodes are made up of
materials which can 'intercalate' or
'absorb' the lithium ions. When the
charged ions of an element can be
absorbed and held inside the
structure of a host material without
disturbing it then it is called
intercalation. The lithium ions are tied
to an electron within the structure of
the anode.
CONSTRUCTION

8. • A lithium-ion battery starts its life in a state of a full discharge. Thus all
its lithium ions are inserted in the cathode.
• For charging, the battery is connected to an external power supply.
• Due to this, an oxidation reaction occurs at the cathode and loses
negatively charged electrons.
• To maintain the charge balance in the cathode, an equal number of
lithium ions are dissolved in an electrolyte solution. The Lithium ions
are positively charged.
• The lithium ions travel through the electrolyte and reach the anode.
The lithium ions are intercalated within the carbon anode.
WORKING

9. • The separator used does not allow electrons to flow through an
electrolyte. The electrons travel through the external wire and reach to
anode from the cathode. At the anode, the electrons get tied with
lithium ions.
• At the time of discharging, the opposite reaction occurs. While
discharging, the anode releases lithium ions and electrons.
• The lithium ions get dissolved into the electrolyte and travel towards
the cathode. While due to the separator, the electrons flow from the
external circuit.
• Due to the flow of electrons from the external circuit, the current is
established and the device connected to the battery is operated.
WORKING

10. WORKING
• The positively charged lithium ions
balance the number of negatively
charged electrons.
• When the cathode is full of lithium
ions the discharging stops and the
battery needs to be recharged
again.

11. CELL REACTIONS
• During discharge, lithium is oxidised. Lithium ions are released from the carbon
along with the electrons. The corresponding reaction is,
At Anode , LiC₆ → xLi⁺ + xe⁻ + C₆
• At the cathode, lithium ions are absorbed by the lithium dioxide and electrons are
absorbed from the external circuit, the reaction is,
At cathode , Li₁₋ₓCoO₂ + xLi⁺ + xe⁻ → LiCoO₂
• The opposite reactions occur at the time of charging. The overall reaction is,
LiCoO₂ ⇌ Li₁₋ₓCo O₂ + LiₓC₆

12. 1) The energy density of lithium-ion batteries is very high. Being light
and small, large lithium can be stored in both electrodes providing a
large number of lithium ions.
2) The cell voltage is high, about 3.6 V. Thus, fewer cells are required if
high voltage is required.
3) The battery is light in weight and compact in size.
4) It handles many charging-discharging cycles.
5) It has built-in protection to prevent overheating.
6) It requires no maintenance to ensure performance.
7) several types of lithium-ion batteries are available in a variety of
shapes and sizes.
8) It is a rechargeable battery.
TYPES OF MUTUAL FUNDS
ADVANTAGES

13. 1) Its performance is affected due to high temperatures.
2) Not possible to recharge if it is completely discharged.
3) It lasts up to three years after manufacturing.
4) It is costly.
5) It can burst into flames if the separator gets damaged.
6) It requires a protection circuit to maintain voltage and current within
safe limits.
7) It is not available in standard cell type.
TYPES OF MUTUAL FUNDS
DISADVANTAGES

14. TYPES OF MUTUAL FUNDS
APPLICATIONS
1) Used in cameras and calculators.
2) Used in mobile phones, portable radios and laptops.
3) Used in aerospace applications.
4) Used in cardiac pacemakers and other implantable devices.
5) Used in electric vehicles and mine detectors.
6) Used in toys and rechargeable flashlights.

15. THANKS
FOR
YOUR
TIME!