Logical_Connectives_2022 (1).pptx for final year

Logical_Connectives_2022 (1).pptx for final year

1. Logical Connectives

2. Logical connectives are basically words or symbols which are used to form a complex sentence from two simple sentences by connecting them. Some Logical Connectives are – If, Only if, When, Whenever, Unless etc. Logical Connectives

3. In the following question, there is a main statement followed by four statements A, B, C and D. From the choices choose the pair in which the first statement implies the second statement and the two are logically consistent with the main statement. If Ronaldo is taller than Messi, then Ronaldo is shorter than Alex. It is known that no two of them are of equal heights. Ronaldo is shorter than Messi, which means he is taller than Alex. Alex is taller than Ronaldo, which means Messi is shorter than Ronaldo. Alex is shorter than Ronaldo, which means Ronaldo is shorter than Messi. Ronaldo is shorter than Messi means Alex is shorter than Messi. Question: Q01

4. Explanation: Q01 C From the given sentence, two implications can be made. Firstly, if it is true that Ronaldo is taller than Messi, then it implies that Ronaldo is shorter than Alex. Also, if it is true that Ronaldo is not shorter than Alex, then Ronaldo is not taller than Messi. In other words, Alex is shorter than Ronaldo means that Ronaldo is shorter than Messi, which is one of the given options.

5. In the following question, there is a main statement followed by four statements A, B, C and D. From the choices choose the pair in which the first statement implies the second statement and the two are logically consistent with the main statement. If Adnan eats Biryani, then it is either RNR or Itminaan. Adnan eats Biryani but it is not Itminaan, which means it is RNR. Adnan eats Biryani but it is not RNR, which means it is Itminaan. The Biryani is neither Itminaan nor RNR, which means Adnan does not eat the Biryani. All of the above. Question: Q0 2

6. Explanation: Q0 2 It can be concluded from given conditions that Adnan eats Biryani only if the Biryani is RNR or Itminaan. Thus, Adnan eats Biryani but it is not Itminaan, means it is RNR, or, Adnan eats Biryani but it is not RNR, means it is Itminaan. Also, the Biryani is neither Itminaan nor RNR, means Adnan does not eat the Biryani.Therefore, all follow

7. In the following question, there is a main statement followed by four statements A, B, C and D. From the choices choose the pair in which the first statement implies the second statement and the two are logically consistent with the main statement. Only if he is going to the Academy then he plays Soccer or solves puzzles. He is going to the Academy, which means he plays Soccer or he solves puzzles. He is not playing Soccer but solving puzzles means he is going to Academy. He is not playing Soccer and not solving puzzles means he is not going to Academy. He is not going to Academy and he is not playing Soccer meaning he is solving puzzles. Question: Q0 3

8. Explanation: Q0 3 Either of the actions "He plays Soccer" or "He solves puzzles" happens only when he is going to Academy. Hence, if it is true that he is not playing Soccer but solving puzzles, it can only mean that he is going to Academy. This statement is expressed by the given answer option.

9. In the following question, there is a main statement followed by four statements A, B, C and D. From the choices choose the pair in which the first statement implies the second statement and the two are logically consistent with the main statement. Unless the architecture is good, the building will not be attractive. The architecture is good, which means the building is attractive. The building is not attractive, which means the architecture is not good. The architecture is good, which means the building is not attractive. The building is attractive, which means the architecture is good. Question: Q0 4

10. Explanation: Q0 4 From the given sentence, it can be inferred that the building can be attractive only if the pre-requisite, the architecture is good. Hence, if it is known that the building is attractive, then it implies that the architecture is good.

11. In the following question, there is a main statement followed by four statements A, B, C and D. From the choices choose the pair in which the first statement implies the second statement and the two are logically consistent with the main statement. Only if Karan does not come, then David will come to play. Karan came hence David will also come to play David will not come to play. Hence, Sheela will come. David has come to play means Karan has not come. Karan has not come hence David has come to play. Question: Q0 5

12. Explanation: Q0 5 From the given sentence it can be implied that if David has come to play then it implies that Karan has not come.

13. In the following question, there is a main statement followed by four statements A, B, C and D. From the choices choose the pair in which the first statement implies the second statement and the two are logically consistent with the main statement. Whenever it is cold, I wear a jacket.= It is cold, which implies I am wearing a jacket. It was cold but I did not wear a jacket. It was not cold but I did not wear the jacket. Both "It is cold implies I am wearing a jacket." and "It is cold but I did not wear the jacket." Question: Q0 6

14. Explanation: Q0 6 From the given sentence it can be concluded that if it is cold then it can be implied that the speaker is wearing a jacket.

15. In the following question, there is a main statement followed by four statements A, B, C and D. From the choices choose the pair in which the first statement implies the second statement and the two are logically consistent with the main statement. Whenever the kids want ice-cream, they go on strike. A. The kids do not want ice-cream. B. The kids want ice-cream. C. The kids went on strike. D. The kids did not go on strike. CA BD DA DB Question: Q0 7

16. Explanation: Q0 7 From the given sentence, it can be concluded that if the kids did not go on strike then it implies that the kids do not want an ice-cream. Hence, DA is the answer.

17. In the following question, there is a main statement followed by four statements A, B, C and D. From the choices choose the pair in which the first statement implies the second statement and the two are logically consistent with the main statement. Either they use the cruise or airplane. A. They use the cruise. B. They do not use airplanes. C. They do not use the cruise. D. They use airplanes. AB BA DC AD Question: Q0 8

18. Explanation: Q0 8 The given sentence indicates that either of two statements are possible. Either they use the cruise or they use the airplane. From this it can be concluded that if they do not use the airplane, then they use the cruise. Hence, BA is the answer.

19. In the following question, there is a main statement followed by four statements A, B, C and D. From the choices choose the pair in which the first statement implies the second statement and the two are logically consistent with the main statement. Only if Sharan does not come, Lara will come to play. Sharan came. Hence, Lara will also come to play. Lara will not come to play. Hence, Sharan will come. Lara has come to play implies that Sharan is not coming. Sharan has not come. Hence, Lara has come to play. Question: Q0 9