Logical framework

Dr.Vaidehi Malvi ,JJH,Mumbai

1. LOGICAL FRAMEWORK PG Student : Dr.Vaidehi Malvi PG Teachers: Dr.C.Rajguru Madam Dr.M.Sadawarte Sir Dr.Pravin Davuluri Sir

2. Contents Introduction Phases of logical framework Steps for framing logical frame matrix Advantages and disadvantages

3. Introduction The logical framework was originally created as a planning tool for military purposes by United States Department of Defense . After being adopted by USAID in the 1970s, the logical framework, or log frame has spread to all areas of the development sector.

4. Logical Framework The logical framework (Log FRAME) is a planning and management tool used for systematic and logical thinking for: Plan projects Monitor projects Evaluate projects

5. Communicate project’s objectives clearly and simply Ability to incorporate the views of all the stakeholders of a project It is an up front planner that provides essential information

6. „ „Analyze the existing situation during project preparation „ „Identify some of the potential risks „ „Establish how outputs and outcomes might best be monitored and evaluated „Present a summary of the project in a standard format

7. Uses of Logical Framework The Logical Framework is used mainly in the public sector It is can be used to frame an action plan It can be used as a planning and management tool.

8. Basic logic model parts Goal : Wider problem the project will help to resolve Purpose/objective : Change or benefit to be achieved by the project Inputs/Activities : Resources invested in the program and what the program does Outputs : These are specifically deliverable results expected from the project to attain the purpose

9. Goal- Improvement in reproductive and sexual health of adolescents. Reduction in unwanted pregnancies Reduction in maternal morbidity and mortality Purpose or objectives- Increased contraceptive use Greater use of condoms in non marital sex acts Increase in proportion of deliveries that takes place in safe conditions Outputs: Increase in number of clients served The amount of contraceptive distributed The number of midwives trained and supplied with safe delivery kit. Activities: Training outreach workers Creating condom distribution points Upgrading clinics

10. Phases of logical framework I ) Preparatory Phase II) Analysis Phase III )Planning Phase

11. Preparatory Phase A . Determine the Focus Area: • Determine the focus area to be analyzed • Study the focus area • Present results of fact finding in short report B . Analyze Stakeholders involved : • Identify all stakeholders who have a relation to the focus area •Identify what the most important stakeholders contribute to and benefit from the focus area .

12. Analysis Phase • Formulate problems from point of view of the identified Stakeholders • Check whether all relevant problems of stakeholders are included • Check that problems are understood • Select a tentative “starter” problem

13. Analysis Phase • Identify direct causes of starter problem • Identify direct effects of starter problem • Continue identifying cause-effect relationships • Add additional problems if necessary • Draw connecting lines to make “Problem Tree” .

14. Planning Phase Preparing the log frame matrix The compilation of Objectively Verifiable Indicators Assessment of the risk factors/assumptions Planning of activities , and the allocation of the appropriate resources to achieve the completion of the activities.

15. Log frame matrix GOALS OBJECTIVELY VERIABLE INDICATORS MEANS OF VERIFICATION ASSUMPTIONS OBJECTIVES OUTPUTS INPUTS/ ACTIVITIES

16. Steps in framing the log frame matrix

17. Step 1: Define the overall goal to which your project contributes Step 2: Define the purpose/objective to be achieved by the project Step 3: Define the outputs for achieving this purpose Step 4: Define the activities/inputs for achieving each output

18. Step 5: Verify the Vertical Logic with the If/Then Test Step 6: Define the assumptions related to each level Step 7: Define the Objectively Verifiable Indicator (OVI ) at goal then purpose , then output , then activity /input levels. Step 8: Define the means /source of Verification (MOV)

19. Step 1: Define the overall g oal to which your project contributes The Goal is the higher-order objective that you are seeking to achieve through the project, often in combination with others.

20. Step 2: Define the p urpose/objective to be achieved by the project This is why we are proposing to carry out the project. It summarizes the impact we hope the project will have.

21. Step 3: Define the outputs for achieving this purpose Outputs describe what we want the project to deliver. They are the measurable end results of the planned activities .

22. Step 4: Define the activities/inputs for achieving each output Activities define how the team will carry out the project Generally we should aim at providing a brief summary of three to seven activities we must implement to accomplish each o utput objective

23. Step 5: Verify the Vertical Logic with the If/Then Test In a well planned Logical Framework, at the lowest levels on the Logical Framework we can say that if certain Activities are carried out we can expect certain Outputs to result. There should be the same logical relationship between the Outputs and the Purpose/objectives, and between the Purpose and the Goal.

24. THE LOGIC OF A PROGRAMME: A SET OF LINKED HYPOTHESES GOAL PURPOSE ACTIVITIES OUTPUTS if then if then then if

25. Step 6: Define the Assumptions related to each level Refers to conditions which could affect the progress of project ,but over which project managers have no control , ex: price changes ,non enforcement of supporting legislations etc This column should record the important assumptions on which the success of the project depends and the risks that have been considered

26. Step 7: Define the Objectively Verifiable Indicator (OVI) at Goal then Purpose, then Output, then Activity /input levels. Objectively Verifiable Indicators (OVIs) are standards against which change can be measured. They set targets in terms of Quantity, Quality and Time ( QQT)

27. Step 8: Define the means /source of Verification(MOV) In the Means of Verification (MOV) we describe the sources of information that will demonstrate what has been accomplished.

28. if MEANS are provided then ACTIVITIES can be undertaken if ACTIVITIES can be undertaken then RESULTS will be produced if RESULTS are produced then the PROJECT PURPOSE will be achieved if the PROJECT PURPOSE is achieved then the project will contribute towards the Goal

29. How do you plan using Logframe approach ?

30. Goal Purpose Results Activities Assumptions Assumptions Assumptions Inputs + + + Pre-conditions need to be met before resources are committed and activities initiated If activities are undertaken AND assumptions hold true, then results can be achieved

31.   Verifiable Indicators Means of Verification Assumptions Goal To reduce population growth in a community The reduction of the number of live births per 1000 head of population National statistics   Data from public health and ministry of health departments     Project Purpose/objective Within 5 years for those of reproductive age to have increased their uptake of Family Planning services by 30% The number of live births recorded per annum over a 5 year period Data from hospitals/clinics within the project area   Data from birth registration body   No overt opposition from religious or anti-abortion groups . The community wants greater access to FP services Outputs Those of reproductive age to use family planning methods effectively Number of attendees at FP clinic Number of pregnancy tests carried out Number using contraceptives Record number at FP clinic   Number of requests for abortions Records are available for baseline data Activities/inputs To recruit and train staff   To fully equip a FP clinic   To increase the supply of contraceptives Recruitment and training of staff to be completed within 3 months   Equipment and all supplies quantified and costed Numbers of staff trained and retained   Number of contraceptives issued at FP clinic   That trainers are available   Equipment and supplies will be available at the start of the project

32. GOALS Reduction in maternal morbidity and mortality OBJECTIVELY VERIABLE INDICATORS Reduction of number of maternal deaths per 1lac women of reproductive age MEANS OF VERIFICATION National Statistics ASSUMPTIONS OBJECTIVES Increase in proportion of deliveries that takes place in safe conditions Number of deliveries conducted in safe condition Records /data from hospital clinics Community participation Awareness regarding safe delivery practices OUTPUTS The number of midwives trained and supplied with safe delivery kit. Number of trained midwives working Number of midwives trained in the past Provision of safe delivery kit Records of trained staff available INPUTS/ ACTIVITIES Upgrading clinics Recruit trained staff Equipment and all supplies quantified and costed Numbers of staff trained and retained That trainers are available   Equipment and supplies will be available at the start of the project

33. Logical framework summarizes : • What the project is going to achieve ? • What activities will be carried out to achieve its outputs and purpose ? • What resources (inputs) are required ? • What are the potential problems which could affect the success of the project ? • How the progress and ultimate success of the project will be measured and verified?

34. Advantages During initial stages , can be used to test project ideas and concepts for relevance and usefulness. „ „Designing log frames help to make comprehensive plans that are feasible within acceptable levels of risks. During implementation the log frame serves as the main reference for drawing up detailed work plans, terms of reference, budgets, etc .

35. Advantages The log frame provides indicators against which the progress and achievements can be assessed. It does not add time or effort to project management, but reduces it. It anticipates implementation. It sets up a framework for monitoring and evaluation where planned and actual results can be compared.

36. Disadvantages There may be a tendency to focus too much on problems rather than on opportunities . „ „The log frame may be used too rigidly, leading people into a ‘‘ blueprint ’’ approach to project design. It cannot replace the use of professionally qualified and experienced staff. It requires a team process with good leadership and facilitation skills to be most effective.

37. If you don’t know where you’re going, how are you gonna ’ know when you get there?

38. References : P.V . Sathe,Epidemiology and Management for Health Care ,5 th edition,Pg 293-294 Log Frame Development,World Health Organisation https :// www.who.int/hac/techguidance/training/logframe%20development.pdf (accessed on 11/05/19) Logical Framework Planning Matrix: Health and Care programme /Health promotion and education project. https:// www.ifrc.org/docs/appeals/annual04/logframes/Europe/017604HealthER1.pdf (accessed on 12/5/19) The Use Of Logical Framework Approach   https://sswm.info/planning-and-programming/decision-making/planning-community/logical-framework-approach (accessed on 15/05/19)

39. References : Public Health Performance Management, Centers for Excellence Funded by CDC’s National Public Health ,Improvement Initiative Logic Models in Public Health Program Management,May 16,2012 https ://www.doh.wa.gov/Portals/1/Documents/1000/PMC- Logic%20Models%20May_16_12forWeb.pdf ( accessed on 20/05/2019 ) W.K . Kellogg Foundation. Using logic models to bring together planning, evaluation and action: logic model development guide. 2004

40. GOALS Eliminate measles and control CRS By 2020 OBJECTIVELY VERIABLE INDICATORS Reduction in mortality and morbidity by measles and CRS MEANS OF VERIFICATION National Statistics ASSUMPTIONS OBJECTIVES Achieve 95% population immunization 9m to 15yr Population of children between 9m to 15 yrs Number of schools , anganwadis in that area Confirm by coverage survey Age group statistics Community participation OUTPUTS Percentage of coverage achieved Percentage covered at schools and out reach session Data collected from each district and corporation Availablity of records INPUTS/ ACTIVITIES Training health personnel Meeting with stake holders Microplanning MR vaccination given at fixed and outreach session sites. Mobile teams deployed to cover high-risk areas / populations Recruit trained staff Equipment and logistics Staff trained ,retained That trainers are available   Equipment and supplies will be available at the start of the campaign